{
  "meta": {
    "titre": "Quebec energy simulator (2025-2050)",
    "version": "0.5.3",
    "date": "2026-11-03",
    "annee_debut": 2025,
    "annee_fin": 2050,
    "avertissement": "Faced with the challenges of Quebec’s energy transition, reconciling electrification, peak management, sufficiency and new supply calls for informed choices. This interactive tool brings together the main levers of the energy system to inform public debate and support collective trade-offs."
  },
  "parametres": {
    "ventes_qc_2025": {
      "valeur": 182,
      "unite": "TWh",
      "libelle": "Electricity sales in Quebec in 2025, weather-normalized",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec forecasts sales of 182 TWh in Quebec in 2026 (Supply Plan 2027-2041); 184.9 TWh in 2025, a cold year.",
      "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/environnement/1022066/nouveau-plan-15-ans-hydro-quebec-quatre-questions"
    },
    "offre_existante": {
      "valeur": 212,
      "unite": "TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Energy available from existing resources, existing wind included, under normal water inflows (sales equivalent)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Total sales (in and outside Quebec) in years with near-normal water inflows: 208.9 TWh (2018), 210.8 TWh (2021) and 216.2 TWh (2022, of which 180.6 in Quebec and 35.6 outside Quebec).",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/resultats-financiers-2022-hydro-quebec.pdf"
    },
    "baisse_hydraulicite": {
      "valeur": 33,
      "unite": "TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Benchmark: drop in water inflows observed in a dry year",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec: inflows below normal by 42 TWh (2023), 35 TWh (2024) and 33 TWh (2025).",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/26-02-2026-presentation-rapport-annuel-2025-vf.pdf"
    },
    "pointe_2025": {
      "valeur": 40599,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Winter peak demand 2025-2026 (normalized forecast)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "2025 progress report on the supply plan: 40 599 MW for winter 2025-2026. Action Plan 2035 cites an average peak of about 41 500 MW; record of 43 134 MW in February 2023.",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/storage/app/media/Suivis/Suivi%20D-2023-109/etat-davancement-2025.pdf"
    },
    "reserve": {
      "valeur": 0.116,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Required reserve margin at peak",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "2025 progress report: reserve of 4 725 MW for 40 599 MW of peak demand in 2025-2026 (11.6%).",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/storage/app/media/Suivis/Suivi%20D-2023-109/etat-davancement-2025.pdf"
    },
    "capacite_existante": {
      "valeur": 45850,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Capacity available at peak, existing resources",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "2024 progress report: demand of 45 603 MW, reserve included, for winter 2025-2026, of which 1 250 MW not covered by existing and committed resources; short-term markets can supply up to 1 500 MW. Hence about 44 350 + 1 500 MW.",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/loi-sur-acces/pdf/dai-2025-0348-document.pdf"
    },
    "credit_eolien": {
      "valeur": 0.37,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Contribution of existing wind at the winter peak",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "1 484 MW of peak contribution for 4 000 MW of wind, in Hydro-Québec’s capacity balance.",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-4110-2019/doc/R-4110-2019-C-ROE%C3%89-0031-DDR-DDR-2021_03_11.pdf"
    },
    "fu_eolien": {
      "valeur": 0.35,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Wind capacity factor",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Average contractual capacity factor of 35.1% for 38 wind contracts; 33.0% observed at 18 wind farms (Hydro-Québec Distribution before the BAPE). The Régie uses 35%.",
      "url": "https://archives.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/mandats/eole_nicolas-riou/documents/DQ20.1.pdf"
    },
    "fu_hydro_nouvelle": {
      "valeur": 0.59,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Capacity factor of new hydro plants",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Romaine complex: 1 550 MW for average annual output of 8 TWh (59%).",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/romaine/pdf/bref_01_2009.pdf"
    },
    "fu_surequipement": {
      "valeur": 0.11,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Capacity factor of uprating",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Supply Plan 2027-2041: 9 000 MW of hydroelectricity added by 2041 (capacity increases, pumped storage) for only 9 TWh of energy (about 11%), but 8 600 MW at peak.",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/portrait-des-ressources-energetiques-hydro-quebec-faits-saillants-plan-approvisionnement-2027-2041.pdf"
    },
    "fu_solaire": {
      "valeur": 0.166,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Solar capacity factor",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Supply Plan 2027-2041: 2 750 MW of solar added by 2041 for 4 TWh (about 16.6%), with no contribution at peak.",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/portrait-des-ressources-energetiques-hydro-quebec-faits-saillants-plan-approvisionnement-2027-2041.pdf"
    },
    "credit_stockage": {
      "valeur": 1,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Contribution of batteries at peak",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Supply Plan 2027-2041: about 500 MW of batteries by 2035, counted as 500 MW in the capacity balance. Range kept for long-duration peaks.",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/portrait-des-ressources-energetiques-hydro-quebec-faits-saillants-plan-approvisionnement-2027-2041.pdf",
      "bas": 0.5,
      "haut": 1
    },
    "livraison": {
      "valeur": 0.927,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Share of new production delivered to customers, after losses",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Overall loss rate of 7.3% used by Hydro-Québec to set its requirements (Régie decision D-2026-033).",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-4307-2025/doc/R-4307-2025-A-0066-Dec-Dec-2026_03_16.pdf"
    },
    "delai_eolien": {
      "valeur": 4,
      "unite": "years",
      "libelle": "Lead time: wind",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec: 3 to 5 years for onshore wind.",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/a-propos/pdf/2025G217F_strategie_solaire_EPR4_4.pdf"
    },
    "delai_hydro_nouvelle": {
      "valeur": 15,
      "unite": "years",
      "libelle": "Lead time: new hydro plant",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "The PGIRE mentions a development cycle of about 15 years for new hydroelectric complexes. Hydro-Québec cites 8 to 10 years for construction; L’actualité (2024) speaks of about 20 years for a dam.",
      "url": "https://www.blg.com/fr/insights/2026/07/quebecs-2026-2050-integrated-energy-resource-plan"
    },
    "delai_surequipement": {
      "valeur": 6,
      "unite": "years",
      "libelle": "Lead time: uprating",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: Action Plan 2035, published in 2023, plans 2 000 MW of turbine-generator replacements by 2035.",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/a-propos/pdf/plan-action-2035.pdf",
      "bas": 4,
      "haut": 8
    },
    "delai_solaire": {
      "valeur": 2,
      "unite": "years",
      "libelle": "Lead time: solar",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec: from 18 months to 5 years for solar.",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/a-propos/pdf/2025G217F_strategie_solaire_EPR4_4.pdf"
    },
    "delai_stockage": {
      "valeur": 2,
      "unite": "years",
      "libelle": "Lead time: batteries",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: time to install grid-connected batteries.",
      "url": "",
      "bas": 1,
      "haut": 3
    },
    "delai_effacement": {
      "valeur": 1,
      "unite": "year",
      "libelle": "Lead time: demand response",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: time to roll out demand response programs (rates, controlled thermostats).",
      "url": "",
      "bas": 1,
      "haut": 2
    },
    "cout_eolien": {
      "valeur": 12.0,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Cost of new wind energy, transmission and balancing included",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec’s long-term avoided cost, based on the contracts from call for tenders A/O 2023-01: 12.0 ¢/kWh (2026 dollars), i.e. 8.3 ¢ for supply and 3.7 ¢ for transmission and balancing.",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-4333-2026/doc/R-4333-2026-C-Google-0013-DDR-DDR-2026_05_25.pdf"
    },
    "cout_hydro_nouvelle": {
      "valeur": 11,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Cost of energy from new hydro plants",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "New developments in Labrador: 10.6 ¢/kWh in 2026 dollars (2026 agreement), about 11 ¢/kWh according to the 2024 estimate. No public estimate for a new site in Quebec.",
      "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/economie/1002317/sort-gagnant-entente-churchill-falls"
    },
    "cout_solaire": {
      "valeur": 9.5,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Cost of new solar energy",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec: 8 to 11 ¢/kWh in Quebec.",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/a-propos/pdf/2025G217F_strategie_solaire_EPR4_4.pdf"
    },
    "cout_surequipement": {
      "valeur": 166,
      "unite": "$/kW-yr",
      "libelle": "Annualized cost of uprating",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec’s long-term avoided cost for capacity: $166/kW-yr (2026 dollars), used here as the cost of added capacity.",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-4333-2026/doc/R-4333-2026-C-Google-0013-DDR-DDR-2026_05_25.pdf"
    },
    "cout_stockage": {
      "valeur": 170,
      "unite": "$/kW-yr",
      "libelle": "Annualized cost of batteries",
      "statut": "a_valider",
      "source": "Order of magnitude; to be compared with Hydro-Québec’s long-term avoided cost for capacity, $166/kW-yr (2026 dollars).",
      "url": ""
    },
    "cout_effacement": {
      "valeur": 70,
      "unite": "$/kW-yr",
      "libelle": "Annualized cost of demand response",
      "statut": "a_valider",
      "source": "Order of magnitude; a demand response program is retained only if it costs less than the long-term avoided cost for capacity, $166/kW-yr (2026 dollars).",
      "url": ""
    },
    "cout_efficacite": {
      "valeur": 4.6,
      "unite": "¢/kWh saved",
      "libelle": "Cost of energy efficiency",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec plans $10 billion to save 21 TWh by 2035; annualized over 15 years at 5%.",
      "url": "https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/hydro-quebec-reports-solid-financial-results-and-a-major-contribution-to-the-quebec-economy-889777421.html"
    },
    "cout_energie_existante": {
      "valeur": 5,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Cost of existing energy redirected to additional Quebec demand",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec’s short-term avoided energy cost: 2.9 ¢/kWh in summer and 4.9 ¢/kWh in winter (2020 dollars), i.e. about 5 ¢/kWh in winter in 2025 dollars.",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-4127-2020/doc/R-4127-2020-B-0010-Demande-Piece-2020_07_29.pdf"
    },
    "cout_reseau": {
      "valeur": 100,
      "unite": "$/kW-yr",
      "libelle": "Grid cost for each additional MW of peak",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec’s avoided costs: transmission $74.7/kW-yr and distribution $24.9/kW-yr (2026 dollars), i.e. about $100/kW-yr.",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-4306-2025/doc/R-4306-2025-B-0099-DDR-RepDDR-2026_02_09.pdf"
    },
    "prix_achats_urgence": {
      "valeur": 10,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Price of imports to cover residual energy needs",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec says it can import, at times when neighboring regions have surpluses, “at prices lower than the prices when we ourselves sell them energy” (Dave Rhéaume, 2026); capped here at the average export price, 10 ¢/kWh. Purchases at peak can cost more.",
      "url": "https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2297785/hydro-quebec-electricite-approvisionnement-importation",
      "bas": 5,
      "haut": 15
    },
    "prix_export": {
      "valeur": 10,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Average export price",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Average price of sales outside Quebec: about 5 ¢/kWh from 2016 to 2022, 10.3 ¢ in 2023, 9.9 ¢ in 2024 and 14.5 ¢ in 2025; 10 ¢ used for the coming period.",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/26-02-2026-presentation-rapport-annuel-2025-vf.pdf"
    },
    "intensite_voisins_2025": {
      "valeur": 0.31,
      "unite": "Mt per TWh",
      "libelle": "Carbon intensity of neighboring grids in 2025 (New England and New York)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Electricity Maps, 2025 monthly averages weighted by consumption: 308 g CO₂e/kWh in New England and 312 in New York, life cycle and imports included. An average: what an export displaces is peaking generation, often gas-fired.",
      "url": "https://app.electricitymaps.com/map"
    },
    "intensite_voisins_2050": {
      "valeur": 0.05,
      "unite": "Mt per TWh",
      "libelle": "Carbon intensity of neighboring grids once decarbonized",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: a grid with no direct emissions keeps its life-cycle emissions (building power plants, wind turbines and panels), of the order of Quebec’s. New York reaches it in 2040, New England in 2050, in a straight line from 2025.",
      "url": "https://climate.ny.gov/Resources/Climate-Leadership-and-Community-Protection-Act",
      "bas": 0,
      "haut": 0.15
    },
    "annee_decarbonation_ny": {
      "valeur": 2040,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Year of emission-free electricity in New York",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (2019): 70% renewable electricity by 2030 and an emission-free grid by 2040.",
      "url": "https://climate.ny.gov/Resources/Climate-Leadership-and-Community-Protection-Act"
    },
    "annee_decarbonation_ne": {
      "valeur": 2050,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Year of decarbonized electricity in New England",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "ISO New England, 2024 Economic Study (September 2025), Policy scenario: the states’ goal of one million tons of CO₂ per year reached by 2050; an accelerated scenario reaches it by 2040.",
      "url": "https://www.iso-ne.com/static-assets/documents/100027/2024_economic_study_ne_evolving_grid.pdf"
    },
    "tarif_moyen_2025": {
      "valeur": 8.29,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Average price of sales in Quebec in 2025",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec, 2025 annual report.",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/hq-rapport-annuel-2025-francais.pdf"
    },
    "inflation": {
      "valeur": 2,
      "unite": "%/yr",
      "libelle": "Inflation",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Bank of Canada inflation-control target: 2%, the midpoint of a range of 1 to 3%.",
      "url": "https://www.banqueducanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/rpm-2024-04-10.pdf"
    },
    "parc_vehicules": {
      "valeur": 5000000,
      "unite": "vehicles",
      "libelle": "Fleet of personal vehicles",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "5 million personal vehicles.",
      "url": "https://ftq.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-04-24_transition-energetique_jfblain.pdf"
    },
    "kwh_par_ve": {
      "valeur": 3150,
      "unite": "kWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Annual consumption of an electric vehicle",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "15 000 km per year at 21 kWh/100 km.",
      "url": "https://ftq.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2024-04-24_transition-energetique_jfblain.pdf"
    },
    "part_ve_2025": {
      "valeur": 0.07,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Share of the fleet electrified in 2025",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "403 138 light electric vehicles registered as of June 30, 2025, about 29% of them plug-in hybrids; i.e. about 7% of the 5 million vehicles in all-electric equivalent.",
      "url": "https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/environnement/vehicules-electriques/documents/roulez-vert-cadre-normatif-mars-2026.pdf"
    },
    "kw_pointe_par_ve": {
      "valeur": 1.2,
      "unite": "kW",
      "libelle": "Impact of an electric vehicle at the winter peak",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec estimated the average impact at 0.6 kW per vehicle; the CFIB put it at 1.2 to 1.5 kW if the peak occurs in the evening (uncontrolled charging, 2017). CFIB value used, twice Hydro-Québec’s.",
      "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-3986-2016/doc/R-3986-2016-C-FCEI-0009-Preuve-Memoire-2017_04_05.pdf"
    },
    "litres_par_vehicule": {
      "valeur": 1335,
      "unite": "L/yr",
      "libelle": "Gasoline used by a combustion vehicle",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "15 000 km per year at 8.9 L/100 km, the average consumption of a vehicle in Canada (Canada Energy Regulator, 2017).",
      "url": "https://cer-rec.gc.ca/fr/donnees-analyse/marches-energetiques/apercu-marches/2019/apercu-marche-se-classe-canada-termes-deconomie-carburant.html"
    },
    "co2_par_litre": {
      "valeur": 2.3,
      "unite": "kg CO₂/L",
      "libelle": "Emissions per litre of gasoline",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Burning one litre of gasoline produces about 2.3 kg of CO₂ (Natural Resources Canada).",
      "url": "https://ressources-naturelles.canada.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/oee/pdf/transportation/fuel-efficient-technologies/autosmart_factsheet_6_f.pdf"
    },
    "kwh_par_litre": {
      "valeur": 8.9,
      "unite": "kWh/L",
      "libelle": "Energy content of a litre of gasoline",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "A litre of gasoline contains energy equivalent to 8.9 kWh of electricity (Natural Resources Canada).",
      "url": "https://ressources-naturelles.canada.ca/efficacite-energetique/efficacite-energetique-produits/energuide/etiquettes-energuide-vehicules-hybrides-electriques-rechargeables"
    },
    "fossile_batiments": {
      "valeur": 32,
      "unite": "TWh",
      "libelle": "Fossil energy used to heat buildings",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Order of magnitude: natural gas accounts for 8% of energy in the residential sector and 27% in the commercial and institutional sector; heating oil for about 4% of residential.",
      "url": "https://cms.equiterre.org/uploads/Fichiers/Fiche-explicative-Gaz-dans-les-b%C3%A2timents-au-Qu%C3%A9bec.pdf"
    },
    "ratio_conversion_chauffage": {
      "valeur": 0.32,
      "unite": "kWh of electricity per kWh of fossil fuel",
      "libelle": "Electricity needed to replace fossil heating",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: fossil heating at 80% efficiency replaced by a heat pump. Hydro-Québec cites an efficiency one to three times higher than baseboard heaters; the range runs from an efficient heat pump (0.27) to resistance heating (0.8).",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/a-propos/pdf/plan-action-2035.pdf",
      "bas": 0.27,
      "haut": 0.8
    },
    "mw_pointe_par_twh_chauffage": {
      "valeur": 500,
      "unite": "MW per TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Weight of electric heating at peak",
      "statut": "a_valider",
      "source": "Order of magnitude.",
      "url": ""
    },
    "co2_par_twh_batiments": {
      "valeur": 0.19,
      "unite": "Mt per TWh",
      "libelle": "Emissions from fossil heating",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Natural gas: 1 891 g of CO₂ per m³, i.e. about 0.18 Mt per TWh; No. 2 light fuel oil, used for heating: 2 735 g of CO₂e per litre for 10.69 kWh, i.e. about 0.26 Mt per TWh; weighted by the share of gas in buildings.",
      "url": "https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/environnement/transition-energetique/affaires-technoclimat/facteurs-emission.pdf"
    },
    "mw_pointe_par_twh_industrie": {
      "valeur": 125,
      "unite": "MW per TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Weight of large projects at peak",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Calculation: 1 TWh per year consumed at a capacity factor of 85 to 100% requires 114 to 134 MW; 125 MW corresponds to about 90%.",
      "url": "",
      "bas": 100,
      "haut": 135
    },
    "mw_pointe_par_twh_efficacite": {
      "valeur": 167,
      "unite": "MW per TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Peak reduction per TWh saved",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "3 500 MW of capacity for 21 TWh of energy savings by 2035 (Action Plan 2035).",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/a-propos/pdf/plan-action-2035.pdf"
    },
    "importations_par_twh_fossile": {
      "valeur": 54,
      "unite": "$M per TWh",
      "libelle": "Hydrocarbon imports per TWh of fossil energy",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "About $14 billion of hydrocarbons imported per year for about 258 TWh of fossil energy (52% of 496 TWh in 2022).",
      "url": "https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/tribune-actualite-energies/le-quebec-publie-son-premier-plan-de-gestion-integree-des-ressources-energetiques"
    },
    "ratio_fossile_industrie": {
      "valeur": 1.4,
      "unite": "TWh of fossil fuel per TWh of electricity",
      "libelle": "Fossil energy replaced per TWh of electricity (industrial processes)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Quebec industry loses 34% of the energy it consumes at the point of use, versus 75% for transportation (État de l’énergie au Québec 2026, p. 40); an electric process loses much less. Pareto’s calculation: 1 kWh of electricity replaces about 1.4 kWh of fuel, less for very high-temperature heat, more with an industrial heat pump.",
      "url": "https://energie.hec.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EEQ2026_web.pdf#page=40",
      "bas": 1,
      "haut": 3
    },
    "co2_par_twh_industrie": {
      "valeur": 0.2,
      "unite": "Mt per TWh of fossil fuel",
      "libelle": "Emissions from the fossil fuels replaced (industrial processes)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Natural gas: about 0.18 Mt per TWh; fuel oil: about 0.26 Mt per TWh. Natural gas dominates industrial heat: weighted value of 0.20 Mt per TWh.",
      "url": "https://www.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/gazette/pdf_encrypte/lois_reglements/2007F/49060.pdf"
    },
    "mw_pointe_par_twh_decarbonation": {
      "valeur": 110,
      "unite": "MW per TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Weight of industrial process electrification at peak",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: a fairly steady load (continuous processes), part of which can be shifted off-peak. Stored heat, such as that of a thermal battery charged at night, can be curtailed at peak and would lower this weight; since no Quebec installation is documented, the value does not account for it.",
      "url": "",
      "bas": 60,
      "haut": 130
    },
    "ratio_fossile_lourd": {
      "valeur": 2.5,
      "unite": "TWh of fossil fuel per TWh of electricity",
      "libelle": "Fossil energy replaced per TWh of electricity (trucks, buses, off-road equipment)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "In real-world operation, 91 European battery-electric trucks use 65% less energy than an average diesel truck and 53% less than the best diesel (ICCT, Ragon, 2025), a ratio of 2.1 to 2.9. A value of 2.5 allows for winter: STM buses use 26% more in the cold (Concordia, 2025).",
      "url": "https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ID-359-–-EU-goods-transport_report_final.pdf",
      "bas": 2.1,
      "haut": 2.9
    },
    "co2_par_twh_lourd": {
      "valeur": 0.26,
      "unite": "Mt per TWh of fossil fuel",
      "libelle": "Emissions from the diesel replaced (trucks, buses, off-road equipment)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Diesel: 2 730 g of CO₂ per litre for about 10.7 kWh, i.e. about 0.26 Mt per TWh.",
      "url": "https://www.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/gazette/pdf_encrypte/lois_reglements/2007F/49060.pdf"
    },
    "mw_pointe_par_twh_lourd": {
      "valeur": 100,
      "unite": "MW per TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Weight of truck and bus electrification at peak",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: charging mostly at the depot, at night, off-peak, but some buses and delivery trucks also charge during the day. Hydro-Québec uses separate charging profiles for each vehicle category, without publishing them (Supply Plan 2027-2041, p. 17).",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/plan-d-approvisionnement-en-reseau-integre-2027-2041.pdf#page=17",
      "bas": 60,
      "haut": 150
    },
    "ratio_fossile_petits": {
      "valeur": 10,
      "unite": "TWh of fossil fuel per TWh of electricity",
      "libelle": "Gasoline replaced per TWh of electricity (small engines)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "For equal hours of use, CARB estimates 1.1 to 1.5 L of gasoline replaced per kWh of electricity, or 10 to 14 kWh of gasoline, depending on whether the equipment is commercial or residential (2021, appendix I, tables C-8 and C-9). Saidani and Kim (2021) give about 1 L versus 1 kWh per hour for a push mower, or 9 kWh. Value retained: 10, the lower of CARB’s two.",
      "url": "https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2021/sore21/appi.pdf#page=60",
      "bas": 9,
      "haut": 14
    },
    "eolien_engage_mw": {
      "valeur": 3500,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Wind already ordered, in addition to existing farms",
      "statut": "a_valider",
      "source": "3 500 MW ordered according to L’actualité (2024), some of which may already be in service and counted in the existing 4.2 GW: to be validated.",
      "url": "https://lactualite.com/lactualite-affaires/hydro-quebec-sengage-a-doubler-sa-taille-en-10-ans/"
    },
    "eolien_engage_fin": {
      "valeur": 2029,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "End of commissioning of the wind already ordered",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Call for tenders A/O 2023-01: deliveries between December 1, 2027 and December 1, 2029.",
      "url": "https://www.noovo.info/nouvelle/hydro-quebec-retient-huit-projets-eoliens-pour-un-total-de-1550-megawatts.html"
    },
    "eolien_existant_mw": {
      "valeur": 4200,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Existing wind farms (included in existing resources)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Installed wind capacity in Quebec: 4.2 GW in June 2026 (Canadian Renewable Energy Association). Shown separately in the charts.",
      "url": "https://renewablesassociation.ca/?p=26553"
    },
    "cf_energie_hq": {
      "valeur": 30,
      "unite": "TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Churchill Falls energy received by Hydro-Québec (sales equivalent)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "The existing Churchill Falls plant (5 428 MW) supplies about 15% of Hydro-Québec’s electricity, i.e. about 30 TWh.",
      "url": "https://www.noovo.info/nouvelles/politique/article/churchill-falls-une-entente-dans-les-prochaines-semaines-entre-quebec-et-t-n-l/"
    },
    "cf_puissance_hq": {
      "valeur": 4800,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Churchill Falls capacity purchased by Hydro-Québec",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "The 1969 contract gives Hydro-Québec almost all of the output: 4 800 of the 5 428 MW, at 0.2 ¢/kWh since 1996.",
      "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/1002275/saga-churchill-falls-cinq-dates"
    },
    "cf_fin_contrat": {
      "valeur": 2041,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "End of the 1969 contract (August 31)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "40-year contract renewed automatically only once, for 25 years, on September 1, 2016; it expires on August 31, 2041. Hydro-Québec remains a 34.2% shareholder of CF(L)Co.",
      "url": "https://nouvelles.hydroquebec.com/content/dam/salle-des-nouvelles/pdfs/fr/Entente%20d%C3%A9finitive%20de%20collaboration_%20Hydro-Qu%C3%A9bec%20et%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador%20Hydro%20-%2017%20ao%C3%BBt%202026.pdf"
    },
    "cf_prix_actuel": {
      "valeur": 0.2,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Current price of Churchill Falls electricity",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "0.2 ¢/kWh until 2041 under the 1969 contract.",
      "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/1002275/saga-churchill-falls-cinq-dates"
    },
    "cf_prix_avant_2041": {
      "valeur": 2,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Agreement: price of existing energy, 2027 to 2040",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "The 2026 agreement provides for a gradual price increase starting at 1.8 ¢/kWh in 2027; the announced average for existing energy is 5.1 ¢/kWh over the whole term. Value of 2 ¢ taken from the profile of the 2024 agreement.",
      "url": "https://www.rse-magazine.com/energie-propre-le-canada-devoile-un-projet-dinvestissements-massifs/",
      "bas": 1.8,
      "haut": 5.1
    },
    "cf_prix_apres_2041": {
      "valeur": 7,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Agreement: price of existing energy after 2041",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Profile of the 2024 agreement (7 ¢/kWh from 2041 to 2075). The 2026 agreement announces an effective average of 7.4 ¢/kWh over 50 years according to one source, 6.2 ¢/kWh according to the government.",
      "url": "https://www.rse-magazine.com/energie-propre-le-canada-devoile-un-projet-dinvestissements-massifs/",
      "bas": 5.1,
      "haut": 7.4
    },
    "cf_nouveau_mw": {
      "valeur": 3255,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Agreement: additional committed capacity (Gull Island and Churchill Falls capacity increase)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "August 2026 framework agreement: 3 255 MW committed for Gull Island and the Churchill Falls capacity increase. A further 3 850 MW of projects under study are not counted here.",
      "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/nouvelles/actualites/details/entente-cadre-entre-quebec-et-terre-neuve-et-labrador-un-partenariat-qui-securise-lavenir-energetique-et-developpe-leconomie-du-quebec-72251"
    },
    "cf_rehaussement_mw": {
      "valeur": 550,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Agreement: gradual upgrade of Churchill Falls (2027-2032)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "550 MW capacity increase at the existing plant planned in the 2024 agreement; the 2026 agreement raises it with no separate figure published.",
      "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/releases/2024/exec/1212n01/"
    },
    "cf_annee_gull": {
      "valeur": 2035,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Agreement: commissioning of Gull Island and the Churchill Falls expansion",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Gull Island around 2034-2035 and the Churchill Falls expansion (CF2) by 2035.",
      "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/1002275/saga-churchill-falls-cinq-dates"
    },
    "cf_nouveau_twh": {
      "valeur": 12,
      "unite": "TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Agreement: additional energy for Hydro-Québec",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Gull Island, a 2 250 MW run-of-river plant, is expected to produce about 11 900 GWh per year; the expansion and capacity increase at Churchill Falls mainly add capacity.",
      "url": "https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-lower-churchill-gull-island-canada/"
    },
    "cf_prix_nouveau": {
      "valeur": 10.6,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "Agreement: price of energy from new developments",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "10.6 ¢/kWh in 2026 dollars for electricity from new developments; 6.2 ¢/kWh on average overall.",
      "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/economie/1002317/sort-gagnant-entente-churchill-falls"
    },
    "cf_debut_prix": {
      "valeur": 2027,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Agreement: first year of higher prices",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "The 2026 agreement provides for a gradual price increase starting in 2027.",
      "url": "https://www.rse-magazine.com/energie-propre-le-canada-devoile-un-projet-dinvestissements-massifs/"
    },
    "export_2025": {
      "valeur": 11.8,
      "unite": "TWh",
      "libelle": "Net exports in 2025",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydro-Québec, 2025 annual report.",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/26-02-2026-presentation-rapport-annuel-2025-vf.pdf"
    },
    "export_ny_twh": {
      "valeur": 10.4,
      "unite": "TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Firm contract with New York (CHPE)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "10.4 TWh per year for 25 years, starting in 2026.",
      "url": "https://blogue.corim.qc.ca/hydro-quebec-exportations/"
    },
    "export_ny_fin": {
      "valeur": 2050,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Last year of the New York contract",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "25 years starting in 2026.",
      "url": "https://blogue.corim.qc.ca/hydro-quebec-exportations/"
    },
    "export_ne_twh": {
      "valeur": 9.95,
      "unite": "TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Firm contract with New England (NECEC)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "9.45 TWh per year to Massachusetts and 0.5 TWh to Maine for 20 years, starting in 2025-2026.",
      "url": "https://blogue.corim.qc.ca/hydro-quebec-exportations/"
    },
    "export_ne_fin": {
      "valeur": 2045,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Last year of the New England contract",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "20 years starting in 2026.",
      "url": "https://blogue.corim.qc.ca/hydro-quebec-exportations/"
    },
    "export_debut": {
      "valeur": 2026,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Start of the two export contracts",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Both contracts take effect in 2026.",
      "url": "https://raison.substack.com/p/hydro-quebec-and-the-new-york-and"
    },
    "cf_prix_marche": {
      "valeur": 10,
      "unite": "¢/kWh",
      "libelle": "No agreement: estimated market price for Churchill Falls energy after 2041",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: market price without an agreement, bounded by Hydro-Québec’s average export price (about 5 ¢/kWh from 2016 to 2022, 14.5 ¢/kWh in 2025).",
      "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/26-02-2026-presentation-rapport-annuel-2025-vf.pdf",
      "bas": 5,
      "haut": 14.5
    },
    "h2_facteur_min": {
      "valeur": 2,
      "unite": "times",
      "libelle": "Hydrogen: electricity required compared with direct electrification (low end of range)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Hydrogen-based fuels require 2 to 14 times more electricity than direct electrification, depending on the use and technology (10 to 35% efficiency from electricity to useful energy).",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01032-7"
    },
    "h2_facteur_max": {
      "valeur": 14,
      "unite": "times",
      "libelle": "Hydrogen: electricity required compared with direct electrification (high end of range)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Ueckerdt et al., Nature Climate Change, 2021.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01032-7"
    },
    "h2_2025": {
      "valeur": 0.2,
      "unite": "TWh per year",
      "libelle": "Electricity used for green hydrogen in 2025",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Chair in Energy Sector Management, HEC Montréal, État de l’énergie au Québec 2026, table 6, p. 24: 23 MW of electrolyzers in operation, Air Liquide in Bécancour (20 MW, 8 200 kg of hydrogen per day) and Tulig Énergie at the Raglan mine (3 MW). Running continuously for a year: 23 MW × 8 760 h = 0.20 TWh. Already included in 2025 demand.",
      "url": "https://energie.hec.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EEQ2026_web.pdf#page=28"
    },
    "rendement_electrolyse": {
      "valeur": 0.51,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Electrolysis efficiency, compression and station included",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Quebec’s Ministère des Transports (2024), government test bench on fuel cell vehicles: 55.4 kWh per kg of hydrogen at the electrolyzer (p. 24), plus about 9 kWh/kg for compression and the station (p. 27), i.e. 64.8 kWh/kg; 33.3 kWh/kg (LHV) ÷ 64.8 = 51%. A value measured in Quebec, and the most cautious one available: the IEA gives 63% for electrolysis alone in 2024 (Global Hydrogen Review 2025, annex, p. 6). Conversion losses into synthetic fuels are not counted.",
      "url": "http://www.bv.transports.gouv.qc.ca/mono/1323826.pdf"
    },
    "co2_par_twh_h2": {
      "valeur": 0.18,
      "unite": "Mt per TWh of fossil fuel",
      "libelle": "Emissions of the fuel that green hydrogen replaces (natural gas)",
      "statut": "derive",
      "source": "Conservative choice: green hydrogen is assumed to replace natural gas, the less emitting of the two fuels used for industry (about 0.18 Mt per TWh, against 0.26 for diesel), which gives the smallest decarbonization potential.",
      "url": "https://www.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/gazette/pdf_encrypte/lois_reglements/2007F/49060.pdf"
    },
    "mw_pointe_par_twh_hydrogene": {
      "valeur": 30,
      "unite": "MW per TWh/yr",
      "libelle": "Weight of hydrogen production at peak",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: electrolyzers largely interruptible during the winter peak; from 0 (fully interruptible) to 125 MW per TWh (continuous operation).",
      "url": "",
      "bas": 0,
      "haut": 125
    },
    "credit_eolien_nouveau": {
      "valeur": 0.21,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Contribution of ordered and new wind at the winter peak",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Supply Plan 2027-2041: about 11 000 MW of wind added by 2041 contributes 2 300 MW to the capacity balance (21%). Action Plan 2035 used about 15%.",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/portrait-des-ressources-energetiques-hydro-quebec-faits-saillants-plan-approvisionnement-2027-2041.pdf"
    },
    "portee_sobriete": {
      "valeur": 1,
      "unite": "fraction",
      "libelle": "Share of sufficiency applied to electrified transport and heating",
      "statut": "hypothese",
      "source": "Assumption: the same sufficiency rate applies to kilometres driven and to converted heating. Range of 50 to 100% of the general rate.",
      "url": "",
      "bas": 0.5,
      "haut": 1
    },
    "cf_puissance_entente": {
      "valeur": 3660,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Agreement: share of Churchill Falls renewed for Hydro-Québec after 2041",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "August 2026 framework agreement: renewal of the Churchill Falls contract for 51 years, for 3 660 MW (against about 4 800 MW today).",
      "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/nouvelles/actualites/details/entente-cadre-entre-quebec-et-terre-neuve-et-labrador-un-partenariat-qui-securise-lavenir-energetique-et-developpe-leconomie-du-quebec-72251"
    },
    "marches_court_terme_mw": {
      "valeur": 1500,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Short-term capacity purchases from neighboring markets (included in existing capacity)",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Capacity contribution of neighboring and Quebec short-term markets, through capacity products or reserve sharing: 1 500 MW (2024 progress report).",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/loi-sur-acces/pdf/dai-2025-0348-document.pdf"
    },
    "thermique_pointe_mw": {
      "valeur": 350,
      "unite": "MW",
      "libelle": "Peaking thermal: upgraded Bécancour plant",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "Supply Plan 2027-2041: upgrade of TCE’s plant in Bécancour into a 350 MW peaking plant fuelled by renewable gas.",
      "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/portrait-des-ressources-energetiques-hydro-quebec-faits-saillants-plan-approvisionnement-2027-2041.pdf"
    },
    "thermique_pointe_annee": {
      "valeur": 2030,
      "unite": "calendar year",
      "libelle": "Commissioning of the Bécancour peaking plant",
      "statut": "source",
      "source": "The Bécancour gas turbine plant, under refurbishment, is expected to enter service as early as 2030.",
      "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/environnement/1022066/nouveau-plan-15-ans-hydro-quebec-quatre-questions"
    }
  },
  "tarif": {
    "frais_acces_jour": 46.154,
    "tranche1": 6.905,
    "tranche2": 10.652,
    "seuil1_kwh_jour": 40,
    "source": "Hydro-Québec, rate schedule, Rate D as of April 1, 2025.",
    "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/grille-tarifaire.pdf",
    "dg_seuil_kwh_jour": 95,
    "dg_tranche3": 13,
    "dg_source": "Proposed Rate DG: a third tier of 13 ¢/kWh above 35 000 kWh per year (95 kWh per day), targeting about 200 000 households, or 5% of customers; requested effective date April 1, 2027 (case R-4343-2026).",
    "dg_url": "https://www.noovo.info/nouvelles/economie/article/hydro-quebec-veut-un-tarif-supplementaire-pour-les-gros-consommateurs-residentiels/",
    "bloc_personne_kwh_jour": 20,
    "bloc_source": "Illustrative option: 20 kWh per day per person in the first tier, with no rebalancing of revenues."
  },
  "profil_mensuel": [
    1.55,
    1.45,
    1.25,
    0.95,
    0.7,
    0.6,
    0.6,
    0.6,
    0.7,
    0.95,
    1.2,
    1.45
  ],
  "menages": [
    {
      "id": "locataire",
      "nom": "Tenant, poorly insulated, electrically heated dwelling",
      "personnes": 2,
      "kwh_an": 15000
    },
    {
      "id": "region-froide",
      "nom": "Poorly insulated house in a cold region, modest income",
      "personnes": 3,
      "kwh_an": 36000
    },
    {
      "id": "famille",
      "nom": "Family of four in a bungalow, heat pump and EV",
      "personnes": 4,
      "kwh_an": 28000
    },
    {
      "id": "condo",
      "nom": "Condo, one person",
      "personnes": 1,
      "kwh_an": 6500
    },
    {
      "id": "grande",
      "nom": "Large house with hot tub and heated pool",
      "personnes": 3,
      "kwh_an": 45000
    }
  ],
  "leviers": [
    {
      "id": "croissance",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Growth in base demand",
      "unite": "%/yr",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 2,
      "pas": 0.1,
      "defaut": 0.5,
      "aide": "Population and economic activity, at constant intensity of use, excluding electrification and large projects. Sufficiency then acts on the intensity of use."
    },
    {
      "id": "ve",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Electric vehicles",
      "unite": "% of the fleet in 2050",
      "min": 6,
      "max": 100,
      "pas": 1,
      "defaut": 60,
      "aide": "Share of the 5 million personal vehicles running on electricity in 2050."
    },
    {
      "id": "chauffage",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Conversion of oil and gas heating",
      "unite": "% converted in 2050",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 100,
      "pas": 5,
      "defaut": 30,
      "aide": "Buildings that switch from fossil heating to a heat pump."
    },
    {
      "id": "industrie",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Large industrial projects",
      "unite": "TWh allocated by 2035",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 60,
      "pas": 1,
      "defaut": 13,
      "aide": "Blocks granted to new large industrial customers, excluding data centres. Requests received reached 13 000 MW, or about 100 TWh per year."
    },
    {
      "id": "centres_donnees",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Data centres",
      "unite": "TWh added by 2041",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 30,
      "pas": 0.1,
      "defaut": 10.7,
      "aide": "Consumption added to the 1.9 TWh of 2026, running almost continuously. Hydro-Québec forecasts 12.6 TWh in 2041, i.e. 10.7 TWh more. Quebec is no longer trying to attract them, but “they are knocking at the door”, and Hydro-Québec proposes to double their rate.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "groupe": "Sources",
          "libelle": "Québec Nouvelles, based on the Supply Plan 2027-2041 (2026)",
          "url": "https://quebecnouvelles.substack.com/p/hydro-quebec-pourrait-devoir-importer"
        },
        {
          "groupe": "Sources",
          "libelle": "Radio-Canada (2026)",
          "url": "https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2297785/hydro-quebec-electricite-approvisionnement-importation"
        },
        {
          "groupe": "Sources",
          "libelle": "DatacenterDynamics, proposed rate of 13 ¢/kWh (2026)",
          "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/canadian-utility-hydro-qu%C3%A9bec-proposes-electricity-tariff-for-data-centers/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "decarbonation",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Electrification of industrial processes",
      "unite": "TWh in 2050",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 60,
      "pas": 1,
      "defaut": 5,
      "aide": "Direct electrification of industrial processes that burn fossil fuels today, mostly natural gas. Steady progression from 2026. Hydro-Québec forecasts 10.7 TWh by 2041, including 4.5 TWh in 2035, mostly through direct electrification (Supply Plan 2027-2041, p. 26). Industrial combustion emitted 11.4 Mt of GHGs in 2022: electrifying all of it would take about 40 TWh, by Pareto’s calculation, and part of it cannot be electrified, such as very high-temperature heat.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, Supply Plan 2027-2041, p. 26 (in French)",
          "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/plan-d-approvisionnement-en-reseau-integre-2027-2041.pdf#page=26"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Quebec GHG emissions inventory 1990-2022, industrial combustion (in French)",
          "url": "https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/changements/ges/2022/inventaire-ges-1990-2022.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "transport_lourd",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Electrification of trucks, buses and off-road equipment",
      "unite": "TWh in 2050",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 30,
      "pas": 1,
      "defaut": 5,
      "aide": "Charging of electric trucks, buses and off-road equipment, which replace diesel. Steady progression from 2026. Hydro-Québec forecasts it will rise from 1.0 TWh in 2026 to 9.5 TWh in 2041, mostly through the electrification of trucking (Supply Plan 2027-2041, p. 23-24). Hydrogen and synthetic fuels for heavy transport belong to the green hydrogen slider. Heavy vehicles emitted 7.6 Mt of GHGs in 2022: electrifying all of them would take about 12 TWh, by Pareto’s calculation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, Supply Plan 2027-2041, p. 23-24 (in French)",
          "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/plan-d-approvisionnement-en-reseau-integre-2027-2041.pdf#page=23"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Quebec GHG emissions inventory 1990-2022, p. 32 (in French)",
          "url": "https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/changements/ges/2022/inventaire-ges-1990-2022.pdf#page=32"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "ICCT, Real-world use cases for zero-emission trucks (2025)",
          "url": "https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ID-359-–-EU-goods-transport_report_final.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "petits_moteurs",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Electrification of small engines: lawn mowers, string trimmers, chainsaws",
      "unite": "TWh in 2050",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 0.1,
      "pas": 0.01,
      "defaut": 0,
      "aide": "Charging of the battery-powered tools that replace the small gasoline engines of lawn mowers, string trimmers, leaf blowers and chainsaws. Steady progression from 2026. For equal hours of use, a gasoline tool burns 1.1 to 1.5 L of gasoline for each kWh used by the electric tool that replaces it (CARB, 2021): each kWh avoids about 2.6 kg of CO₂, more than twice as much as an electric vehicle. The volume is tiny: a residential lawn mower, string trimmer, leaf blower, chainsaw and snow blower use about 27 kWh a year together (CARB, 2021), and 70% of Quebec households with a lawn had a gasoline lawn mower in 2007 (Statistics Canada). The maximum, 0.1 TWh, is a Pareto upper bound that also counts the equipment of landscapers and municipalities. Mostly summer use: nothing is counted at the winter peak. The first gain is local: these engines, especially two-stroke ones, emit a lot of smog-forming pollutants.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "Saidani and Kim (2021), International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, gasoline and electric lawn mowers",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01917-x"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "CARB, small off-road engine amendments (2021), appendix I, tables C-8 and C-9",
          "url": "https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2021/sore21/appi.pdf#page=60"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Statistics Canada, Households and the Environment Survey (2007), type of lawn mower, in French",
          "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/16-002-x/2010001/article/lawnmowers-tondeuses/tbl/tbl001-fra.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "hydrogene",
      "famille": "demande",
      "libelle": "Green hydrogen",
      "unite": "TWh of electricity in 2050",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 40,
      "pas": 0.1,
      "defaut": 0.2,
      "aide": "Electricity used for green hydrogen and the synthetic fuels made from it. It starts from current production: 23 MW of electrolyzers, in Bécancour and at the Raglan mine, i.e. 0.2 TWh per year, already included in 2025 demand. Depending on the use, going through hydrogen and its derivatives requires 2 to 14 times more electricity than direct electrification. It is a waste of energy. The same low-carbon electricity decarbonizes far more elsewhere: through direct electrification (transportation, heating, industry), or exported to the grids of neighboring states to replace highly carbon-intensive power generation. In Quebec, production is mostly dispatchable and lasting surpluses are rare. An electrolyzer must run much of the year to be profitable: as soon as it draws on grid electricity, the opportunity cost comes back. The rankings that reserve green hydrogen for a few uses, Liebreich’s ladder and Johnson et al., compare each use with its alternatives, but do not count the opportunity cost of selling that electricity to neighboring grids, which are carbon-intensive. Once that cost is counted, no use holds up in Quebec: it is even preferable to keep using gray hydrogen (the traditional method, from methane) than to waste low-carbon electricity on this way of producing it, given the very poor efficiency of its production process. Hydrogen remains on the agenda, backed by powerful interest groups.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "groupe": "Current production",
          "libelle": "Chair in Energy Sector Management, HEC Montréal, État de l’énergie au Québec 2026, table 6 (p. 24)",
          "url": "https://energie.hec.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EEQ2026_web.pdf#page=28"
        },
        {
          "groupe": "Conversion efficiency",
          "libelle": "Ueckerdt et al., Nature Climate Change (2021)",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01032-7"
        },
        {
          "groupe": "Hydrogen ladder",
          "libelle": "Johnson et al., Nature Reviews Clean Technology (2025)",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s44359-025-00050-4"
        },
        {
          "groupe": "Hydrogen ladder",
          "libelle": "M. Liebreich, Hydrogen Ladder 5.0",
          "url": "https://mliebreich.substack.com/p/hydrogen-ladder-version-50"
        },
        {
          "groupe": "Hydrogen lobby",
          "libelle": "Corporate Europe Observatory (2020)",
          "url": "https://corporateeurope.org/en/hydrogen-hype"
        }
      ],
      "aide_blocs": [
        {
          "titre": "What the slider counts",
          "texte": "Electricity used for green hydrogen and the synthetic fuels made from it. It starts from current production: 23 MW of electrolyzers, in Bécancour and at the Raglan mine, i.e. 0.2 TWh per year, already included in 2025 demand."
        },
        {
          "titre": "A carrier, not a source",
          "texte": "Depending on the use, going through hydrogen and its derivatives requires 2 to 14 times more electricity than direct electrification. It is a waste of energy."
        },
        {
          "titre": "The opportunity cost",
          "texte": "The same low-carbon electricity decarbonizes far more elsewhere: through direct electrification (transportation, heating, industry), or exported to the grids of neighboring states to replace highly carbon-intensive power generation."
        },
        {
          "titre": "Surpluses solve nothing",
          "texte": "In Quebec, production is mostly dispatchable and lasting surpluses are rare. An electrolyzer must run much of the year to be profitable: as soon as it draws on grid electricity, the opportunity cost comes back."
        },
        {
          "titre": "No defensible use",
          "texte": "The rankings that reserve green hydrogen for a few uses, Liebreich’s ladder and Johnson et al., compare each use with its alternatives, but do not count the opportunity cost of selling that electricity to neighboring grids, which are carbon-intensive. Once that cost is counted, no use holds up in Quebec: it is even preferable to keep using gray hydrogen (the traditional method, from methane) than to waste low-carbon electricity on this way of producing it, given the very poor efficiency of its production process."
        },
        {
          "titre": "Why it gets so much attention",
          "texte": "Hydrogen remains on the agenda, backed by powerful interest groups."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "efficacite",
      "famille": "offre",
      "libelle": "Energy efficiency",
      "unite": "TWh saved in 2050",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 80,
      "pas": 1,
      "defaut": 30,
      "aide": "Insulation, efficient equipment, programs. Hydro-Québec treats it as a “virtual power plant”: 21 TWh, or 3 500 MW, by 2035. Its annual savings (0.8% of sales) remain below those of the best utilities (2%).",
      "sources": [
        {
          "groupe": "Source",
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, Action Plan 2035 (press release)",
          "url": "https://news.hydroquebec.com/news/press-releases/all-quebec/hydro-quebecs-plan-to-decarbonize-the-economy-contribute-to-quebecs-prosperity-and-meet-customer-expectations.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sobriete",
      "famille": "offre",
      "libelle": "Sufficiency",
      "unite": "% of base demand in 2050",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 20,
      "pas": 1,
      "defaut": 0,
      "aide": "Fewer uses for the same well-being: thermostat settings, dwelling size, kilometres driven, superfluous uses. It applies to base demand, electric vehicles and converted heating. Like efficiency, it avoids building."
    },
    {
      "id": "eolien",
      "famille": "offre",
      "libelle": "New wind farms",
      "unite": "MW per year",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 3000,
      "pas": 100,
      "defaut": 0,
      "aide": "In addition to the 3 500 MW already ordered. Commissioning rate, after a 4-year lead time. Hydro-Québec aims for 10 000 MW more by 2035.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "groupe": "Wind potential",
          "libelle": "Government of Quebec, Potentiel éolien (wind potential)",
          "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/agriculture-environnement-et-ressources-naturelles/energie/sources-energie/energie-eolienne/potentiel-eolien"
        },
        {
          "groupe": "Wind potential",
          "libelle": "Global Wind Atlas (Technical University of Denmark and World Bank)",
          "url": "https://globalwindatlas.info/en/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "hydro_nouvelle",
      "famille": "offre",
      "libelle": "New hydroelectric plants",
      "unite": "MW per year",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 800,
      "pas": 50,
      "defaut": 0,
      "aide": "In Quebec, excluding Labrador. Plenty of energy and capacity, but a long lead time before first commissioning, studies and approvals included."
    },
    {
      "id": "surequipement",
      "famille": "offre",
      "libelle": "Uprating existing plants",
      "unite": "MW per year",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 800,
      "pas": 50,
      "defaut": 100,
      "aide": "Mainly adds capacity for the peak, little energy. Refurbishing old turbines is expected to add 2 000 MW by 2035."
    },
    {
      "id": "solaire",
      "famille": "offre",
      "libelle": "Solar",
      "unite": "MW per year",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 1500,
      "pas": 50,
      "defaut": 50,
      "aide": "Quick to deploy, but does not help with the peak on a January morning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "groupe": "Solar potential",
          "libelle": "Global Solar Atlas (World Bank)",
          "url": "https://globalsolaratlas.info/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "churchill",
      "famille": "offre",
      "type": "choix",
      "libelle": "Churchill Falls after 2041",
      "defaut": "entente-2026",
      "options": [
        {
          "valeur": "entente-2026",
          "libelle": "August 2026 framework agreement (CAQ government)",
          "aide": "Selected option: the August 2026 framework agreement, not yet ratified. It renews {cf_puissance_entente} MW from Churchill Falls until 2077 and commits {cf_nouveau_mw} MW of new developments (Gull Island and capacity increase), at 6.2 ¢/kWh on average; 3 850 MW of projects under study are not counted. The price of existing energy rises from 2027."
        },
        {
          "valeur": "aucun",
          "libelle": "No new agreement: same volumes bought at market price after 2041",
          "aide": "Selected option: no new agreement. Hydro-Québec loses its exclusive purchase right on August 31, 2041. Assumption: it buys back the same volumes, about {cf_energie_hq} TWh and {cf_puissance_hq} MW, at a market price estimated at {cf_prix_marche} ¢/kWh. No new development in Labrador."
        }
      ],
      "aide": "The 1969 contract gives Hydro-Québec about {cf_puissance_hq} MW at 0.2 ¢/kWh until August 31, 2041, with no further renewal possible."
    },
    {
      "id": "stockage",
      "famille": "pointe",
      "libelle": "Battery storage",
      "unite": "MW per year",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 800,
      "pas": 50,
      "defaut": 0,
      "aide": "Shifts energy by a few hours to cover the peak."
    },
    {
      "id": "effacement",
      "famille": "pointe",
      "libelle": "Peak demand response",
      "unite": "MW per year",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 500,
      "pas": 25,
      "defaut": 50,
      "aide": "Rate Flex D, dual energy, Hydro-Québec’s Hilo smart home service, controlled water heaters and thermostats."
    },
    {
      "id": "exportations",
      "famille": "pointe",
      "libelle": "Net exports beyond contracts",
      "unite": "TWh/yr",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 25,
      "pas": 1,
      "defaut": 0,
      "aide": "Sales outside Quebec added to the firm contracts with New York (10.4 TWh/yr until 2050) and New England (9.95 TWh/yr until 2045). These contracts form a floor. An added sale avoids GHGs in neighboring grids only if Quebec has the electricity to sell: in a shortfall year it is first bought from them, and the gain is nil."
    },
    {
      "id": "plafond",
      "famille": "tarifs",
      "libelle": "Cap on rate increases",
      "unite": "%/yr",
      "min": 0,
      "max": 8,
      "pas": 0.5,
      "defaut": 3,
      "aide": "The most customers pay. Beyond that, the gap must be financed some other way."
    },
    {
      "id": "tranche3",
      "famille": "tarifs",
      "type": "choix",
      "libelle": "Residential rate structure",
      "defaut": "actuel",
      "options": [
        {
          "valeur": "actuel",
          "libelle": "Current Rate D, two tiers"
        },
        {
          "valeur": "dg",
          "libelle": "Third tier above 95 kWh/day"
        },
        {
          "valeur": "personne",
          "libelle": "First tier calculated per person"
        }
      ],
      "aide": "Changes how bills are shared among households."
    }
  ],
  "prereglages": [
    {
      "id": "aucune-decision",
      "libelle": "No new decisions",
      "description": "Current trends and commitments continue, including 3 500 MW of wind already ordered, the export contracts and the 2026 framework agreement on Churchill Falls, with no new decision.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "L’actualité (2024), Hydro-Québec s’engage à doubler sa taille en 10 ans (Hydro-Québec commits to doubling its size in 10 years)",
          "url": "https://lactualite.com/lactualite-affaires/hydro-quebec-sengage-a-doubler-sa-taille-en-10-ans/"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, 2025 annual report",
          "url": "https://pannes.hydroquebec.com/data/documents-donnees/pdf/hq-rapport-annuel-2025-francais.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "valeurs": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "plan-appro-2041",
      "libelle": "Supply Plan 2027-2041",
      "description": "Pareto’s approximation of the Supply Plan 2027-2041 filed by Hydro-Québec in November 2026: demand of 240 TWh and a peak of 52 000 MW in 2041; about 11 000 MW of wind, 9 000 MW of hydroelectricity mostly as capacity, 2 750 MW of solar, 500 MW of batteries and 350 MW of peaking thermal; 21 TWh of efficiency by 2035; hydrogen and synthetic fuels for heavy transport, 3.6 TWh in 2041 (p. 28), extended to 9 TWh more in 2050, on top of today’s 0.2 TWh, and subtracted from industrial electrification to keep demand the same; electric commercial vehicles, buses and trucks: 9.5 TWh in 2041 (p. 23-24), extended to 15 TWh in 2050. The Action Plan 2035 targets are pushed back to 2041. To be validated.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, Plan d’approvisionnement 2027-2041 du réseau intégré (integrated system supply plan), full plan filed with the Régie de l’énergie (R-4359-2026, HQD-2, document 1, October 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/plan-d-approvisionnement-en-reseau-integre-2027-2041.pdf"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, Portrait des ressources énergétiques, highlights of the Supply Plan 2027-2041 (November 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/data/achats-electricite-quebec/pdf/portrait-des-ressources-energetiques-hydro-quebec-faits-saillants-plan-approvisionnement-2027-2041.pdf"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Le Devoir, Le nouveau plan sur 15 ans d’Hydro-Québec, en quatre questions (Hydro-Québec’s new 15-year plan in four questions)",
          "url": "https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/environnement/1022066/nouveau-plan-15-ans-hydro-quebec-quatre-questions"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, Action Plan 2035",
          "url": "https://www.hydroquebec.com/a-propos/publications-rapports/plan-action-2035.html"
        }
      ],
      "valeurs": {
        "ve": 100,
        "chauffage": 50,
        "industrie": 15,
        "decarbonation": 34,
        "transport_lourd": 15,
        "hydrogene": 9.2,
        "efficacite": 52,
        "eolien": 900,
        "surequipement": 900,
        "solaire": 200,
        "stockage": 60,
        "effacement": 50,
        "centres_donnees": 10.7
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pgire",
      "libelle": "PGIRE 2026-2050",
      "description": "Pareto’s approximation of the PGIRE, Quebec’s integrated energy resource plan: about 100 TWh of added production (Labrador included), 50 TWh of efficiency and electricity covering about 60% of final consumption in 2050. A green hydrogen need that “could reach 9 TWh” in 2050 (p. 33), i.e. about 18 TWh of electricity at 51% efficiency, on top of today’s 0.2 TWh, subtracted from industrial electrification to keep demand the same. The PGIRE relies on biofuels and hydrogen for heavy road transport: its direct electrification is reduced here to 8 TWh. Bioenergy and renewable gas are not modeled. Breakdown by source to be validated.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "Government of Quebec, PGIRE 2026-2050",
          "url": "https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/adm/min/economie/publications-adm/politique/PO-plan-gestion-integre-ressources-energetiques.pdf"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Yvan Cliche, overview of the PGIRE (Connaissance des Énergies, 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/tribune-actualite-energies/le-quebec-publie-son-premier-plan-de-gestion-integree-des-ressources-energetiques"
        }
      ],
      "valeurs": {
        "eolien": 900,
        "hydro_nouvelle": 0,
        "surequipement": 450,
        "solaire": 300,
        "efficacite": 50,
        "ve": 100,
        "chauffage": 90,
        "industrie": 20,
        "sobriete": 3,
        "effacement": 200,
        "stockage": 100,
        "decarbonation": 34,
        "transport_lourd": 8,
        "hydrogene": 18.2,
        "centres_donnees": 10.7
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pacte-renouvele",
      "libelle": "Renewed pact",
      "description": "Inspired by the directions proposed by Johanne Whitmore: efficiency and sufficiency as pillars, a third tier for large consumers. Split between industry and heavy transport: Pareto.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "Johanne Whitmore, Vers un nouveau pacte social de l’énergie pour le Québec? (Towards a new social pact on energy for Quebec?) (Les Affaires, 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.lesaffaires.com/opinions/vers-un-nouveau-pacte-social-de-lenergie-pour-le-quebec"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Hydro-Québec, Rate DG application to the Régie de l’énergie (R-4343-2026)",
          "url": "https://www.regie-energie.qc.ca/fr/participants/dossiers/R-4343-2026/doc/R-4343-2026-B-0002-Dem-Dem-2026_07_06.pdf"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "Radio-Canada (2026): Dave Rhéaume, “we have to raise rates more for those in a more privileged position to pay”",
          "url": "https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2297785/hydro-quebec-electricite-approvisionnement-importation"
        }
      ],
      "valeurs": {
        "eolien": 800,
        "hydro_nouvelle": 150,
        "surequipement": 300,
        "solaire": 300,
        "efficacite": 60,
        "sobriete": 6,
        "ve": 100,
        "chauffage": 90,
        "industrie": 12,
        "effacement": 200,
        "stockage": 100,
        "tranche3": "dg",
        "decarbonation": 40,
        "transport_lourd": 15,
        "centres_donnees": 5
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "sobriete-forte",
      "libelle": "Strong sufficiency",
      "description": "Pareto’s illustrative scenario, with no official counterpart: reduce demand first, build second. Split between industry and heavy transport: Pareto.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "libelle": "Launch of the Mouvement pour une utilisation stratégique et efficace de l’énergie (movement for strategic and efficient energy use) (Les Affaires, 2026)",
          "url": "https://www.lesaffaires.com/dossiers/efficacite-energetique-moins-consommer-pour-mieux-croitre/un-nouveau-mouvement-pour-promouvoir-l-efficacite-et-la-sobriete-energetiques-au-quebec/"
        },
        {
          "libelle": "L’actualité (2024): P.-O. Pineau on the choices that would reduce needs, P. Dunsky on savings of 2% per year elsewhere",
          "url": "https://lactualite.com/lactualite-affaires/hydro-quebec-sengage-a-doubler-sa-taille-en-10-ans/"
        }
      ],
      "valeurs": {
        "sobriete": 15,
        "efficacite": 65,
        "industrie": 3,
        "ve": 100,
        "chauffage": 90,
        "eolien": 500,
        "surequipement": 300,
        "solaire": 200,
        "effacement": 200,
        "exportations": 0,
        "decarbonation": 40,
        "transport_lourd": 15,
        "centres_donnees": 2
      }
    }
  ],
  "themes": [
    {
      "id": "demande",
      "libelle": "Demand and peak",
      "parametres": [
        "ventes_qc_2025",
        "pointe_2025",
        "reserve",
        "mw_pointe_par_twh_efficacite",
        "mw_pointe_par_twh_industrie",
        "portee_sobriete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "transport",
      "libelle": "Electric transport",
      "parametres": [
        "parc_vehicules",
        "kwh_par_ve",
        "part_ve_2025",
        "kw_pointe_par_ve",
        "litres_par_vehicule",
        "co2_par_litre",
        "kwh_par_litre"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "batiments",
      "libelle": "Buildings, industry and hydrogen",
      "parametres": [
        "fossile_batiments",
        "ratio_conversion_chauffage",
        "mw_pointe_par_twh_chauffage",
        "co2_par_twh_batiments",
        "ratio_fossile_industrie",
        "co2_par_twh_industrie",
        "mw_pointe_par_twh_decarbonation",
        "ratio_fossile_lourd",
        "co2_par_twh_lourd",
        "mw_pointe_par_twh_lourd",
        "ratio_fossile_petits",
        "importations_par_twh_fossile",
        "h2_facteur_min",
        "h2_facteur_max",
        "h2_2025",
        "rendement_electrolyse",
        "co2_par_twh_h2",
        "mw_pointe_par_twh_hydrogene"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "existantes",
      "libelle": "Existing resources",
      "parametres": [
        "offre_existante",
        "baisse_hydraulicite",
        "capacite_existante",
        "eolien_existant_mw",
        "livraison",
        "marches_court_terme_mw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "nouvelles",
      "libelle": "New sources and lead times",
      "parametres": [
        "eolien_engage_mw",
        "eolien_engage_fin",
        "credit_eolien",
        "credit_eolien_nouveau",
        "fu_eolien",
        "fu_hydro_nouvelle",
        "fu_surequipement",
        "fu_solaire",
        "credit_stockage",
        "delai_eolien",
        "delai_hydro_nouvelle",
        "delai_surequipement",
        "delai_solaire",
        "delai_stockage",
        "delai_effacement",
        "thermique_pointe_mw",
        "thermique_pointe_annee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "churchill",
      "libelle": "Churchill Falls",
      "parametres": [
        "cf_energie_hq",
        "cf_puissance_hq",
        "cf_puissance_entente",
        "cf_fin_contrat",
        "cf_prix_actuel",
        "cf_prix_avant_2041",
        "cf_prix_apres_2041",
        "cf_nouveau_mw",
        "cf_rehaussement_mw",
        "cf_annee_gull",
        "cf_nouveau_twh",
        "cf_prix_nouveau",
        "cf_debut_prix",
        "cf_prix_marche"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "exportations",
      "libelle": "Exports",
      "parametres": [
        "export_2025",
        "export_ny_twh",
        "export_ny_fin",
        "export_ne_twh",
        "export_ne_fin",
        "export_debut",
        "prix_export",
        "intensite_voisins_2025",
        "intensite_voisins_2050",
        "annee_decarbonation_ny",
        "annee_decarbonation_ne"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "couts",
      "libelle": "Costs and rates",
      "inclure_tarif": true,
      "parametres": [
        "cout_eolien",
        "cout_hydro_nouvelle",
        "cout_solaire",
        "cout_surequipement",
        "cout_stockage",
        "cout_effacement",
        "cout_efficacite",
        "cout_energie_existante",
        "cout_reseau",
        "prix_achats_urgence",
        "tarif_moyen_2025",
        "inflation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "parties_prenantes": {
    "titre": "Tournée Vision énergie, workshop report",
    "auteur": "Ministère de l’Économie, de l’Innovation et de l’Énergie",
    "annee": 2025,
    "participants": 489,
    "arrets": 14,
    "url": "https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/adm/min/economie/contenu/energie/Tournee_Vision_Energie_rapport.pdf",
    "decalage_pages": 3,
    "groupes": [
      {
        "id": "acc",
        "nom": "Support services and technology solutions"
      },
      {
        "id": "aut",
        "nom": "Indigenous peoples"
      },
      {
        "id": "cci",
        "nom": "Commercial and institutional consumers"
      },
      {
        "id": "cind",
        "nom": "Industrial consumers"
      },
      {
        "id": "cit",
        "nom": "Consumers and citizen groups"
      },
      {
        "id": "env",
        "nom": "Environment"
      },
      {
        "id": "mo",
        "nom": "Labour and unions"
      },
      {
        "id": "uni",
        "nom": "Academics and experts"
      },
      {
        "id": "mun",
        "nom": "Municipalities"
      },
      {
        "id": "prod",
        "nom": "Renewable energy producers"
      }
    ],
    "filieres": [
      {
        "id": "solaire",
        "nom": "Solar",
        "leviers": [
          "solaire"
        ],
        "explication": "Panels on rooftops or in ground-mounted farms. Quick to install, yet they produce little on a January morning, at peak time.",
        "tve_f": "Solar",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 7],
          [3, 1],
          [4, 3],
          [11, 7],
          [17, 7],
          [17, 8],
          [18, 4],
          [22, 9],
          [26, 14],
          [26, 15]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "stockage",
        "nom": "Storage",
        "leviers": [
          "stockage"
        ],
        "explication": "Batteries that hold electricity for a few hours and release it during the winter peak.",
        "tve_f": "Storage",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 8],
          [3, 2],
          [4, 4],
          [8, 7],
          [18, 5],
          [22, 10],
          [22, 11],
          [26, 3],
          [26, 16]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "efficacite",
        "nom": "Efficiency and sufficiency",
        "leviers": [
          "efficacite",
          "sobriete"
        ],
        "explication": "Use energy better, through insulation and efficient equipment, and use less, through sufficiency, to avoid building. Hydro-Québec aims to save 21 TWh by 2035.",
        "tve_f": "Energy efficiency",
        "tve_idees": [
          [4, 1],
          [8, 3],
          [26, 5]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "biomasse",
        "nom": "Biomass and bioenergy",
        "leviers": [],
        "explication": "Wood, farm residues and waste turned into heat, electricity or fuels. The simulator does not model it.",
        "tve_f": "Bioenergy",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 0],
          [0, 3],
          [4, 0],
          [17, 0],
          [17, 4],
          [18, 0],
          [26, 0],
          [26, 1],
          [26, 2],
          [26, 7],
          [26, 8]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "chaleur",
        "nom": "Heat and geothermal",
        "leviers": [],
        "explication": "Heat drawn from the ground, or recovered from factories and data centres, to heat buildings without drawing on peak electricity. The simulator does not model it.",
        "tve_f": "Heat",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 1],
          [8, 0],
          [8, 2],
          [11, 1],
          [11, 2],
          [13, 1],
          [13, 2],
          [17, 1],
          [17, 2],
          [18, 2],
          [22, 2],
          [22, 3],
          [22, 4],
          [26, 2],
          [26, 3],
          [26, 4]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "pointe",
        "nom": "Peak pricing",
        "leviers": [
          "effacement"
        ],
        "explication": "Charge more for electricity during winter peaks, and pay those who cut their use at those times, as with Rate Flex D or Hilo."
      },
      {
        "id": "eolien",
        "nom": "Wind",
        "leviers": [
          "eolien"
        ],
        "explication": "Wind farms, often in partnership with communities. Hydro-Québec aims for 10 000 MW more by 2035.",
        "tve_f": "Wind",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 2],
          [3, 0],
          [4, 2],
          [11, 3],
          [13, 4],
          [17, 3],
          [22, 5],
          [26, 6],
          [26, 15]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "barrages",
        "nom": "New dams",
        "leviers": [
          "hydro_nouvelle"
        ],
        "explication": "New hydroelectric plants: plenty of energy and capacity, but some fifteen years before the first unit comes online.",
        "tve_f": "Hydropower",
        "tve_idees": [
          [8, 4],
          [22, 7],
          [26, 10]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "fossiles",
        "nom": "Gas and fossil fuels in transition",
        "leviers": [],
        "explication": "Keep natural gas, renewable natural gas or other fuels for a while, notably to get through the winter peak, before phasing them out.",
        "tve_f": "RNG",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 3],
          [13, 5],
          [26, 7],
          [26, 8],
          [26, 9],
          [26, 13]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "hydrogene",
        "nom": "Green hydrogen",
        "leviers": [
          "hydrogene"
        ],
        "explication": "Hydrogen produced by electrolysis with renewable electricity. Depending on the use, it takes 2 to 14 times more electricity than direct electrification.",
        "tve_f": "Green hydrogen",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 4],
          [0, 8],
          [8, 5],
          [11, 5],
          [13, 5],
          [13, 6],
          [17, 5],
          [22, 8],
          [26, 12]
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "nucleaire",
        "nom": "Nuclear",
        "leviers": [],
        "explication": "Build new reactors or restart Gentilly-2, closed in 2012. The simulator does not model it.",
        "tve_f": "Nuclear",
        "tve_idees": [
          [0, 5],
          [0, 6],
          [8, 6],
          [11, 6],
          [13, 7]
        ]
      }
    ],
    "positions": {
      "acc": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Develop solar."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Optimize storage."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Act on demand first, through efficiency and sufficiency."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Develop all resources: biomass, biofuels, anaerobic digestion."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Develop geothermal energy, make use of waste heat."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Dynamic pricing to manage the peak, while keeping rates affordable."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Develop wind."
        },
        "fossiles": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 64,
          "idee": "Keep natural gas longer, without increasing GHGs, notably for the peak."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Develop green hydrogen."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Recognize the need to develop nuclear."
        }
      },
      "aut": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Deploy solar on buildings such as schools."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Develop storage."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 49,
          "idee": "Keep developing wind potential."
        }
      },
      "cci": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 50,
          "idee": "Develop solar, while solving the issue of its profitability."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 50,
          "idee": "Develop battery storage."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Eliminate waste, encourage sufficiency."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 50,
          "idee": "Develop RNG, biopropane and forest biomass in the regions."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 64,
          "idee": "Raise rates at peak hours, curtail consumption."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 50,
          "idee": "Develop wind, while solving the issue of its social acceptability."
        },
        "fossiles": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 41,
          "idee": "Keep propane for energy security; natural gas to replace heating oil."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 65,
          "idee": "Produce green hydrogen, not necessarily from electricity."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 64,
          "idee": "Develop nuclear to diversify and gain resilience."
        }
      },
      "cind": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Small low-cost projects, such as solar and microgrids."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Battery storage."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Focus on energy sufficiency and efficiency."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 50,
          "idee": "Develop forest biomass, a local supply chain."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 50,
          "idee": "Develop heating networks."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 65,
          "idee": "Curtail at peak in exchange for benefits: reward rather than penalize."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Run-of-river plants, but little acceptability for new dams."
        },
        "fossiles": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 65,
          "idee": "Allocate more gas to industry to reduce its emissions."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 50,
          "idee": "In certain circumstances, depending on needs."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Small modular reactors, but little acceptability for nuclear."
        }
      },
      "cit": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Promote local solar."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 42,
          "idee": "Do energy storage."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Reduce demand upstream through sufficiency and efficiency."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Process and use biomass locally."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Develop geothermal energy, recover heat."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Yes, with storage, but with community buy-in: referendums, BAPE hearings."
        },
        "fossiles": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "No natural gas as a new source; reject pipelines."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Very limited use: do not waste renewable electricity."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 51,
          "idee": "Exclude nuclear: costs, delays, waste, risks."
        }
      },
      "env": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Support wind, solar and biomass."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 42,
          "idee": "Rely on storage with a flexible system."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Prioritize sufficiency and efficiency; put a value on the negawatt."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Use agricultural and forest biomass."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Geothermal energy and heat loops."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Become wind champions, with locally made turbines."
        },
        "fossiles": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 42,
          "idee": "Green fossil fuels and reduce their share."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Drop hydrogen, but pair it with local RNG: views divided."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Do not develop nuclear."
        }
      },
      "mo": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Rooftop solar, with resale of surpluses."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 43,
          "idee": "Develop storage alongside integrated sources."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Legislate to raise efficiency standards."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Bioenergy and anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 52,
          "idee": "Geothermal energy and recovery of waste heat."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 66,
          "idee": "Develop wind, but no compromise on farmland."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Avoid green hydrogen: costly, energy-hungry, hard to transport."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 66,
          "idee": "Revive nuclear if the state controls it; assess small reactors."
        }
      },
      "uni": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Solar close to consumers, on vacant land."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Develop storage."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Sufficiency, the number one priority as a source of supply."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Biofuels, and biomass put to good use."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Heating networks and geothermal energy."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Dynamic, progressive and modern pricing."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 53,
          "idee": "Solar and wind microgrids."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 67,
          "idee": "Reassess positions, for example on nuclear."
        }
      },
      "mun": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 54,
          "idee": "Solar on municipal buildings."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 54,
          "idee": "Develop new ways of storing energy."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Invest in efficiency, promote sufficiency."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 54,
          "idee": "Forest and residual biomass, anaerobic digestion."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 54,
          "idee": "Make use of waste heat, geothermal energy."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 68,
          "idee": "Pay more at peak, while protecting the most vulnerable."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 54,
          "idee": "Develop wind, fast and inexpensive, away from farmland."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 67,
          "idee": "Pursue hydroelectricity, accept some destruction of the land."
        },
        "fossiles": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 67,
          "idee": "Fossil fuels for their best use: remote regions, dual energy at peak."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 54,
          "idee": "Develop green hydrogen."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 67,
          "idee": "A possible avenue, with public awareness-raising."
        }
      },
      "prod": {
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 56,
          "idee": "Tap solar potential, on buildings and degraded land."
        },
        "stockage": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 56,
          "idee": "Storage for the peak: water heaters, batteries."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Invest in efficiency, value sufficiency."
        },
        "biomasse": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 55,
          "idee": "Biofuels, RNG, forest biomass."
        },
        "chaleur": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 55,
          "idee": "Heating plants and heating networks, geothermal energy."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Industrial curtailment during the peak."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 55,
          "idee": "Keep wind growing."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 55,
          "idee": "Carry on with hydroelectricity."
        },
        "fossiles": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 68,
          "idee": "Natural gas as a transition energy."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 55,
          "idee": "Prioritize connecting hydrogen for heavy transport."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 68,
          "idee": "No nuclear in Quebec: too costly."
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "memoires_pl69": {
    "titre": "Briefs submitted on Bill 69",
    "annee": 2024,
    "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/fr/travaux-parlementaires/commissions/CAPERN/mandats/Mandat-51809/memoires-deposes.html",
    "groupes": [
      {
        "id": "cind",
        "nom": "Industrial consumers"
      },
      {
        "id": "cci",
        "nom": "Business associations and SMEs"
      },
      {
        "id": "acc",
        "nom": "Support services and technology solutions"
      },
      {
        "id": "prod",
        "nom": "Renewable energy producers"
      },
      {
        "id": "nuc",
        "nom": "Nuclear advocates"
      },
      {
        "id": "gaz",
        "nom": "Natural gas"
      },
      {
        "id": "hq",
        "nom": "Hydro-Québec"
      },
      {
        "id": "mo",
        "nom": "Labour and unions"
      },
      {
        "id": "cons",
        "nom": "Consumer organizations"
      },
      {
        "id": "cit",
        "nom": "Citizen groups"
      },
      {
        "id": "env",
        "nom": "Environment"
      },
      {
        "id": "uni",
        "nom": "Academics and experts"
      },
      {
        "id": "mun",
        "nom": "Municipalities"
      },
      {
        "id": "aut",
        "nom": "Indigenous peoples"
      },
      {
        "id": "agri",
        "nom": "Agriculture"
      }
    ],
    "enjeux": [
      {
        "id": "plafond",
        "nom": "3% cap",
        "leviers": [
          "plafond"
        ],
        "prop": "Cap residential rate increases at 3% a year.",
        "explication": "Limit residential rate increases to 3% a year. The gap with the real cost is then paid by others: an assistance fund, the government or other customers."
      },
      {
        "id": "interfinancement",
        "nom": "Reduce cross-subsidies",
        "leviers": [],
        "prop": "Reduce what commercial and industrial rates pay above their cost to lower the residential rate.",
        "explication": "Commercial and industrial rates pay more than their cost, which keeps the residential rate below its own, at about 82% of its cost in 2025."
      },
      {
        "id": "blocs",
        "nom": "Blocks for industry",
        "leviers": [
          "industrie",
          "centres_donnees"
        ],
        "prop": "Grant new blocks of electricity to industry and data centres.",
        "explication": "Since 2023, the minister chooses which projects of 5 MW or more receive electricity, while demand exceeds available supply."
      },
      {
        "id": "vente_privee",
        "nom": "Private third-party sales",
        "leviers": [],
        "prop": "Open renewable electricity sales between third parties and private generation.",
        "explication": "The bill lets a renewable energy producer sell directly to a neighboring customer, a break in Hydro-Québec’s distribution monopoly."
      },
      {
        "id": "pointe",
        "nom": "Peak pricing",
        "leviers": [
          "effacement"
        ],
        "prop": "Peak rates, dynamic pricing and demand response.",
        "explication": "Charge more for electricity during winter peaks so consumption shifts. The bill asks the Régie for such rates."
      },
      {
        "id": "efficacite",
        "nom": "Efficiency and sufficiency",
        "leviers": [
          "efficacite",
          "sobriete"
        ],
        "prop": "Make energy efficiency and sufficiency a priority.",
        "explication": "Reduce demand by using energy better and using less, rather than producing more."
      },
      {
        "id": "eolien",
        "nom": "Wind",
        "leviers": [
          "eolien"
        ],
        "prop": "Develop wind power at scale.",
        "explication": "Hydro-Québec aims for about 10 000 MW of new wind power by 2035, often in partnership with communities."
      },
      {
        "id": "solaire",
        "nom": "Solar and self-generation",
        "leviers": [
          "solaire"
        ],
        "prop": "Develop solar power and self-generation.",
        "explication": "Rooftop panels and electricity generated by customers themselves. The bill extends net metering up to 1 000 kW."
      },
      {
        "id": "barrages",
        "nom": "New dams",
        "leviers": [
          "hydro_nouvelle"
        ],
        "prop": "Build new hydroelectric plants.",
        "explication": "Build new hydroelectric plants. The bill also lets parties other than Hydro-Québec operate plants of 100 MW or less."
      },
      {
        "id": "gaz",
        "nom": "Gas and dual energy",
        "leviers": [],
        "prop": "Keep natural gas, renewable natural gas and electricity-gas dual energy.",
        "explication": "Keep a role for natural gas and renewable natural gas, including electricity-gas dual energy, which eases the winter peak."
      },
      {
        "id": "hydrogene",
        "nom": "Green hydrogen",
        "leviers": [
          "hydrogene"
        ],
        "prop": "Develop green hydrogen.",
        "explication": "Produce hydrogen by electrolysis with renewable electricity, for industry or heavy transport."
      },
      {
        "id": "nucleaire",
        "nom": "Nuclear",
        "leviers": [],
        "prop": "Develop or reopen nuclear power.",
        "explication": "Build new reactors or restart Gentilly-2, closed in 2012."
      },
      {
        "id": "exportations",
        "nom": "Exports",
        "leviers": [
          "exportations"
        ],
        "prop": "Maintain or increase electricity exports.",
        "explication": "Sell electricity to neighboring grids, notably through the contracts with New York and New England."
      },
      {
        "id": "regie",
        "nom": "Stronger Régie",
        "leviers": [],
        "prop": "Maintain or strengthen the powers of the Régie de l’énergie.",
        "explication": "The Régie de l’énergie sets rates and oversees supply. The bill lightens some of its oversight, including the approval of contracts."
      },
      {
        "id": "communautes",
        "nom": "Community partnerships",
        "leviers": [],
        "prop": "Involve First Nations and municipalities in projects: ownership, benefits, consent.",
        "explication": "New energy projects are built on Indigenous and municipal lands. The question is who shares in their ownership, benefits and decisions."
      }
    ],
    "memoires": [
      {
        "id": "201865",
        "court": "AQCIE",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 52,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201865&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201805",
        "court": "Aluminium Association of Canada",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 30,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201805&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202705",
        "court": "Association de l’exploration minière du Québec",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 2,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202705&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202663",
        "court": "Industrial Gas Users Association",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 26,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202663&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202587",
        "court": "Quebec Mining Association",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 6,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202587&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202639",
        "court": "Quebec Forest Industry Council",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 29,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202639&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202599",
        "court": "Dumont Nickel",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 6,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202599&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202675",
        "court": "Quebec Manufacturers and Exporters",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 13,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202675&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202611",
        "court": "Vantage Data Centers",
        "groupe": "cind",
        "pages": 8,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202611&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202653",
        "court": "APCHQ",
        "groupe": "cci",
        "pages": 11,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202653&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202679",
        "court": "Conseil du patronat du Québec",
        "groupe": "cci",
        "pages": 16,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202679&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202659",
        "court": "Conseil patronal de l’environnement du Québec",
        "groupe": "cci",
        "pages": 14,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202659&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201871",
        "court": "CFIB",
        "groupe": "cci",
        "pages": 26,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201871&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202669",
        "court": "Fédération des chambres de commerce du Québec",
        "groupe": "cci",
        "pages": 32,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202669&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202655",
        "court": "Alliance SWITCH",
        "groupe": "acc",
        "pages": 16,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202655&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201909",
        "court": "Association de l’industrie électrique du Québec",
        "groupe": "acc",
        "pages": 14,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201909&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202703",
        "court": "CQ3E",
        "groupe": "acc",
        "pages": 18,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202703&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202633",
        "court": "Écotech Québec",
        "groupe": "acc",
        "pages": 13,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202633&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202603",
        "court": "GE Vernova",
        "groupe": "acc",
        "pages": 7,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202603&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202609",
        "court": "Propulsion Québec",
        "groupe": "acc",
        "pages": 16,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202609&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202665",
        "court": "Québec Net Positif",
        "groupe": "acc",
        "pages": 12,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202665&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201789",
        "court": "AQPER",
        "groupe": "prod",
        "pages": 22,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201789&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202379",
        "court": "Canadian Renewable Energy Association",
        "groupe": "prod",
        "pages": 20,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202379&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202647",
        "court": "Association de l’Énergie du Québec",
        "groupe": "prod",
        "pages": 24,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202647&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202389",
        "court": "Énergie solaire Québec",
        "groupe": "prod",
        "pages": 18,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202389&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202673",
        "court": "Plant-E",
        "groupe": "prod",
        "pages": 23,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202673&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202593",
        "court": "RES Canada",
        "groupe": "prod",
        "pages": 12,
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      },
      {
        "id": "202605",
        "court": "Canadian Nuclear Association",
        "groupe": "nuc",
        "pages": 3,
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      },
      {
        "id": "202625",
        "court": "Nuclébec",
        "groupe": "nuc",
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      },
      {
        "id": "202627",
        "court": "Association des distributeurs d’énergie du Québec",
        "groupe": "gaz",
        "pages": 10,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202627&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201769",
        "court": "Énergir",
        "groupe": "gaz",
        "pages": 32,
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      },
      {
        "id": "202685",
        "court": "Gazifère",
        "groupe": "gaz",
        "pages": 21,
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      },
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        "id": "202691",
        "court": "TC Energy",
        "groupe": "gaz",
        "pages": 8,
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        "id": "201763",
        "court": "Hydro-Québec",
        "groupe": "hq",
        "pages": 4,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201763&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
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        "id": "202651",
        "court": "Coalition des organismes communautaires pour le développement de la main-d’œuvre",
        "groupe": "mo",
        "pages": 4,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202651&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
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        "id": "202635",
        "court": "CSN",
        "groupe": "mo",
        "pages": 23,
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        "id": "202657",
        "court": "CSQ",
        "groupe": "mo",
        "pages": 26,
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        "id": "201961",
        "court": "FTQ",
        "groupe": "mo",
        "pages": 18,
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      },
      {
        "id": "202667",
        "court": "CUPE Quebec",
        "groupe": "mo",
        "pages": 23,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202667&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202693",
        "court": "Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d’Hydro-Québec",
        "groupe": "mo",
        "pages": 27,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202693&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202701",
        "court": "Syndicat professionnel des scientifiques de l’IREQ",
        "groupe": "mo",
        "pages": 19,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202701&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202621",
        "court": "ACEF du Nord de Montréal",
        "groupe": "cons",
        "pages": 36,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202621&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201783",
        "court": "Option consommateurs",
        "groupe": "cons",
        "pages": 23,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201783&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202643",
        "court": "Union des consommateurs",
        "groupe": "cons",
        "pages": 32,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202643&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202591",
        "court": "Attac Québec",
        "groupe": "cit",
        "pages": 9,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202591&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202615",
        "court": "Collectif Entropie",
        "groupe": "cit",
        "pages": 15,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202615&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202637",
        "court": "Comité des citoyens pour la protection de l’environnement maskoutain",
        "groupe": "cit",
        "pages": 39,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202637&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202623",
        "court": "Normand Beaudoin",
        "groupe": "cit",
        "pages": 42,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202623&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202689",
        "court": "Regroupement vigilance énergie Québec",
        "groupe": "cit",
        "pages": 33,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202689&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202619",
        "court": "Coalition Sortons le gaz!",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 17,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202619&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202677",
        "court": "Équiterre",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 27,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202677&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202589",
        "court": "David Suzuki Foundation",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 18,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202589&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202649",
        "court": "Fondation Rivières",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 16,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202649&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202641",
        "court": "Front commun pour la transition énergétique",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 47,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202641&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202607",
        "court": "Mères au front",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 7,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202607&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202631",
        "court": "Nature Québec",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 22,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202631&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202697",
        "court": "Réseau Environnement",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 30,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202697&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201913",
        "court": "RNCREQ",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 28,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201913&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202613",
        "court": "ROEÉ",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 35,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202613&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202595",
        "court": "Vivre en Ville",
        "groupe": "env",
        "pages": 34,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202595&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202699",
        "court": "Energy Modelling Hub",
        "groupe": "uni",
        "pages": 9,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202699&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202681",
        "court": "Centre Hélios",
        "groupe": "uni",
        "pages": 32,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202681&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201771",
        "court": "Chair in Energy Sector Management, HEC Montréal",
        "groupe": "uni",
        "pages": 16,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201771&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201817",
        "court": "Trottier Energy Institute",
        "groupe": "uni",
        "pages": 18,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201817&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202617",
        "court": "Jean-François Blain and Bertrand Schepper (IRIS)",
        "groupe": "uni",
        "pages": 37,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202617&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201813",
        "court": "Nergica",
        "groupe": "uni",
        "pages": 18,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201813&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202695",
        "court": "Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec",
        "groupe": "uni",
        "pages": 16,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202695&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202629",
        "court": "Alliance de l’énergie de l’Est",
        "groupe": "mun",
        "pages": 14,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202629&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201937",
        "court": "Association des redistributeurs d’électricité du Québec",
        "groupe": "mun",
        "pages": 25,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201937&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202645",
        "court": "Fédération québécoise des municipalités",
        "groupe": "mun",
        "pages": 17,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202645&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202069",
        "court": "Union des municipalités du Québec",
        "groupe": "mun",
        "pages": 14,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202069&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202661",
        "court": "AFNQL",
        "groupe": "aut",
        "pages": 49,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202661&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "202601",
        "court": "Mi’gmawei Mawiomi Business Corporation",
        "groupe": "aut",
        "pages": 14,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_202601&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      },
      {
        "id": "201981",
        "court": "Union des producteurs agricoles",
        "groupe": "agri",
        "pages": 12,
        "url": "https://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_201981&process=Default&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe/vG7/YWzz"
      }
    ],
    "positions": {
      "201865": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 32,
          "idee": "Supports the fund that limits residential increases to 3%, provided the government pays for it and not other customers."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 32,
          "idee": "Remove the clause that freezes cross-subsidies so the Régie can correct them gradually."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 44,
          "idee": "Strengthen the Régie’s oversight: three commissioners and public hearings for supply and transmission plans."
        }
      },
      "201805": {
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Apply the same average cost of service to all consumers, for fair treatment."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 26,
          "idee": "Grant blocks through a transparent mechanism that also supports the growth of established industries."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Exports decided during surplus years created a shortfall at the expense of Quebec’s needs."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Make the Régie the required step for verifying the cost of new supply."
        }
      },
      "202705": {},
      "202663": {
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Support renewable-source gas and the inclusion of biogas in distributors’ targets."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Keep the Régie’s control over distributors’ investments by removing the presumption of prudence."
        }
      },
      "202587": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 2,
          "idee": "Favor traditional mining sectors, such as iron and gold, when allocating blocks."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Allow purchases from a non-adjacent private producer and sales to more than one consumer."
        }
      },
      "202639": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Considers the 3% freeze on residential rates, paid by industrial and commercial customers, unsustainable."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Gradually end the cross-subsidies that benefit residential customers."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Lift the minister’s discretionary power over loads above 5 MW, or raise the threshold to 25 MW."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Allow private sales of renewable electricity to any third party, anywhere in Quebec."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Include demand management and storage in the PGIRE to meet capacity needs."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Give energy efficiency and sufficiency a stronger role in the PGIRE."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Keep calls for tenders above a certain size under Régie supervision."
        }
      },
      "202599": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Distribute energy blocks fairly among regions, notably for mining projects in the battery sector."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Extend private sales beyond adjacent sites, or guarantee an equivalent block in exchange for a sale to Hydro-Québec."
        }
      },
      "202675": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Regrets that the residential cap leaves businesses to absorb the rise in Hydro-Québec’s costs."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "End cross-subsidies so that rate increases do not fall on the industrial sector alone."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Grant blocks first to businesses already established in Quebec, with transparent criteria."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Welcomes sales between adjacent sites and wants a broader definition of adjacency to encourage business-to-business contracts."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Draw on wind power among all sources, with Quebec content in contracts."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Accelerate self-generation through rate discounts or tax credits, including for shared projects."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Keep a significant place for renewable natural gas, since some manufacturing technologies cannot be electrified."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Support hydrogen among all the pathways to carbon neutrality."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Draw on nuclear power among the sources of the integrated management plan."
        }
      },
      "202611": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 1,
          "idee": "Ensure available and reliable electricity for data centres, essential to cloud computing and AI."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Fully supports sales to an adjacent customer and a broad reading of the word adjacent."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Reduce or interrupt its consumption during extreme cold peaks."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Encourage renewable natural gas, an important part of energy production."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Ending calls for tenders and Régie approval is a step forward, as long as transparency remains."
        }
      },
      "202653": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Reserve the assistance fund for low-income households rather than universal assistance."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Revise a rate structure in which cross-subsidies encourage waste and benefit well-off households."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Supports residential rates that encourage lower consumption at peak."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Write concrete energy efficiency measures into the law, on the same footing as supply."
        }
      },
      "202679": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Target the assistance fund at low-income households rather than all residential customers."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Gradually end cross-subsidies while avoiding a rate shock."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Open private sales to non-adjacent customers and to more than one consumer."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Introduce dynamic residential pricing to avoid the peak."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Write energy efficiency and sufficiency into the minister’s mission and into the PGIRE."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Formalize net metering and encourage institutional solar generation."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Allow larger private and municipal small hydro plants, up to 100 MW."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Give more flexibility to the development of renewable-source gas."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Do not exclude nuclear power from the PGIRE, without calling for its development."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Entrust the Régie with the comparative analysis of sources and keep its oversight of supply contracts."
        }
      },
      "202659": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Reconsider the fund that caps residential increases: a poor price signal and a cost to the government."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Correct the cross-subsidies to residential rates and return to cost-of-service rates."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Raise the obligation-to-serve threshold to 25 MW for businesses already established."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Extend the right to generate and sell electricity beyond the adjacent neighbor alone."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 2,
          "idee": "Give priority to energy efficiency and write it into the minister’s responsibilities."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Keep Régie approval of supply contracts, except in cases of force majeure."
        }
      },
      "201871": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "The cap shifts the burden onto SMEs, but assistance funded outside rates curbs cross-subsidies."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Allow the Régie to reduce cross-subsidies and move toward marginal cost for all."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Supports sales of renewable electricity to an adjacent consumer and the transfer of small plants."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "SMEs want to take part in demand response programs at peak, with compensation."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Put energy savings at the center of obligations and improve programs for SMEs."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Supports the Régie’s return to setting rates, ideally every year."
        }
      },
      "202669": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Repeal the 3% rate shield reserved for residential customers and return all rates to the Régie."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Keep cross-subsidies at their pre-2023 level, but stop increasing them at the expense of businesses."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 28,
          "idee": "Speed up approval of projects of 5 MW and more to retain investors."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Allow corporate purchases of renewable energy on adjacent sites."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Accept dynamic pricing only if voluntary and incentive-based, never imposed on businesses."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 25,
          "idee": "Shift toward energy productivity, with performance indicators."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Welcomes raising net metering to 1 000 kW to stimulate self-generation."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Allow gas distributors to make renewable natural gas attractive through their rates."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Include hydrogen distribution in gas distributors’ rate base."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Return the setting of all electricity rates to the Régie."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 21,
          "idee": "Allow Hydro-Québec to form partnerships with communities, subject to Régie authorization."
        }
      },
      "202655": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Make the assistance that limits residential increases mandatory, while gradually correcting the price signal."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Require the Régie to aim at minimizing cross-subsidies, while protecting low-income households."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Welcomes sales to an adjacent consumer and calls for going further with wheeling."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Welcomes residential pricing for forecast high-demand periods starting in 2026."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Systematically choose energy savings when they cost as much as or less than generation."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Make more room for residential self-generation and for feeding solar surpluses back into the grid."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Supports the regulation of renewable-source gas and the complementarity of the grids."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Keep Hydro-Québec’s calls for tenders under Régie supervision."
        }
      },
      "201909": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Supports sales of renewable electricity to an adjacent consumer, useful for microgrids."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Encourage dynamic pricing by making customers partners."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Submit to the Régie an energy efficiency plan separate from the supply plan."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Let Hydro-Québec negotiate large wind projects by mutual agreement to speed up generation."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Promote self-generation by communities and industrial partners."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Welcomes the restored role of the Régie in setting rates."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Make Indigenous communities co-owners and co-managers of infrastructure."
        }
      },
      "202703": {
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Widen access to dynamic rates tied to the grid peak rather than the building peak."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Prioritize energy efficiency as a full-fledged source of supply."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Make renewable natural gas a lever against pressure on the grid and the peak."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Worried by the removal of the Régie’s power to authorize calls for tenders."
        }
      },
      "202633": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Make rates reflect the real value of energy, with assistance reserved for precisely defined vulnerable customers."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Require environmental performance plans when granting new energy blocks."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Deploy bidirectional metering and feed-in rates for customers who generate."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Prioritize energy sufficiency and efficiency before any new generation."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Support wind and solar power paired with storage and smart management."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Accelerate self-generation and decentralized generation, paired with storage."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Support small hydro, tidal turbines and pumped storage."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Give green hydrogen an important role, especially for certain modes of transport."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Welcomes the stronger role of the Régie in the energy transition."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Promote projects and microgrids initiated by communities, MRCs and municipalities."
        }
      },
      "202603": {
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Develop the planned 10 000 MW of wind power, as a complement to hydroelectricity."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Add capacity and new hydroelectric plants, including pumped storage."
        }
      },
      "202609": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Supports the 3% limit on residential increases, with predictable rates for businesses."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Make the allocation of energy blocks to battery sector projects more predictable."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Supports residential rates that reduce consumption at peak, and smart charging."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Welcomes the bill’s provisions that promote energy efficiency."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Also rely on wind power as a complement to hydroelectricity."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Also rely on solar power as a complement to hydroelectricity."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Develop green hydrogen alongside electrification for heavy transport."
        }
      },
      "202665": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Reduce the energy allocated to extraction and reserve blocks for businesses committed to circularity."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Favor avoided energy over supply growth, through energy productivity and sufficiency."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Optimize and extend existing infrastructure rather than build new structures that artificialize the land."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Promote the injection of renewable-source gas from SMEs into the gas network."
        }
      },
      "201789": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "The 3% cap covers only households and leaves SMEs and industries exposed to a rate shock."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Welcomes extending sales to an adjacent consumer to all renewable sources, and asks to add proximity."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Solar suits local needs and isolated grids."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Welcomes the 100 MW threshold to revive private small hydro."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Supports measures for renewable natural gas, including the socialization of injection costs."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Welcomes the inclusion of renewable hydrogen in renewable-source gas and wants it written into the PGIRE."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Keep Régie oversight of calls for tenders and its approval of supply contracts."
        }
      },
      "202379": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Extending section 60 to all renewable sources, within a precise framework, is balanced."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Optimize the grid through better peak management, storage and distributed resources."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Meet rising demand through energy efficiency as well, alongside generation."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Write net metering into the law to develop solar self-generation."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Take Hydro-Québec’s export commitments into account in the Régie’s mandate."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Delete section 45 and keep Régie approval of calls for tenders and contracts."
        }
      },
      "202647": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Supply the energy needed so that industrial projects are no longer turned down."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Give private solar and wind generation more latitude and allow direct sales to businesses."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Promote wind power, but as an intermittent backup source and not a baseload source."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Develop solar for local generation, but without making it a baseload source."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Build new dams, while knowing they will not close the shortfall in the short or medium term."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Keep natural gas in the medium term and develop Quebec’s reserves."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Consider restarting Gentilly and include a few nuclear plants in the mix."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Keep the Régie’s central role and independence, setting limits on the concerns the government can point out to it."
        }
      },
      "202389": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Supports the rate revision that limits residential rate increases to 3%."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Extend sales to an adjacent consumer to self-generators who sell to their neighbors."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Apply time-of-use peak rates as soon as possible, with incentives for solar with storage."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Adopt subsidies, tax credits and guaranteed feed-in rates for residential solar and storage."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Have the Régie assess Hydro-Québec’s supply plans."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Involve communities, cooperatives and First Nations in projects for social acceptability."
        }
      },
      "202673": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Supports the transfer of small plants and free wholesale trade between producers and buyers."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Abolish the Act respecting the exportation of electric power, never enforced, to free external trade."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Defends the Régie’s independence and powers, which the bill reduces in favor of the minister."
        }
      },
      "202593": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Guarantee businesses the electricity they need; the 5 MW threshold holds back their growth."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Allow businesses to self-generate or buy from a third-party producer without restriction, with grid access."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Quebec’s territory can host large wind and solar farms for decarbonization."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Quebec’s renewable energy should also help decarbonize neighboring provinces and states."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Have all supply contracts approved by the Régie."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Host communities’ participation in wind farms fosters social acceptability."
        }
      },
      "202605": {
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Include nuclear power, small modular reactors included, in Quebec’s energy planning."
        }
      },
      "202625": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Prefers a market approach to price controls, rate increases being inevitable."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Allow individuals and small private projects to resell electricity."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Considers renewables simple to build but difficult to integrate into the grid."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 21,
          "idee": "Make room for very small self-generation projects that sell their surpluses to the grid."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 2,
          "idee": "Develop nuclear power, the only real low-carbon option according to the association."
        }
      },
      "202627": {},
      "201769": {
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Put energy efficiency at the heart of planning, as the first decarbonization measure."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Keep the gas network for the winter peak and processes that are hard to electrify."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Open hydrogen pipelines to distributors despite uncertainty about its role, especially for certain industrial processes."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 26,
          "idee": "Lighten the Régie’s regulatory processes for distributors (RSG contracts, frequency of plans, deadlines)."
        }
      },
      "202685": {
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 20,
          "idee": "Put energy efficiency at the heart of actions and of the PGIRE, given the shortage of renewable energy."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Keep the gas network, complementary to the electricity grid for redundancy, the peak and dual energy."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Develop green hydrogen to decarbonize gas networks, industry and transport."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Lighten Régie oversight, which should focus on results and not on how to achieve them."
        }
      },
      "202691": {
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Keep natural gas for industry and the peak, and convert Bécancour to RNG."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Add nuclear power to Quebec’s energy mix, on the model of Bruce Power."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Supports the relaxation that exempts Hydro-Québec from proceeding only through calls for tenders."
        }
      },
      "201763": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Limit residential rate increases to 3%."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Create incentive rates that reward better consumption."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Promote energy efficiency through rates."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Build partnerships with direct ownership stakes for Indigenous communities and municipalities."
        }
      },
      "202651": {},
      "202635": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "The fund that caps increases is only an illusion until 2026 and should be financed through progressive taxation."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Protect captive residential customers, who risk paying for industrial development."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Allocate blocks according to precise criteria, existing industries first, without betting on energy-intensive sectors."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Rejects third-party sales, which threaten Hydro-Québec’s monopoly and the public character of its generation."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Offer dynamic residential pricing only on a voluntary basis and rely on rate options for businesses."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Accelerate energy efficiency programs to reduce the peak rather than pricing at marginal cost."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Develop wind power under Hydro-Québec’s project management, without for-profit private participation."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Regrets the firm export contracts signed when Quebec no longer has surpluses."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Restore the Régie’s power to set all rate components, generation included."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Fears that partnerships with Indigenous communities and municipalities open the door to the private sector."
        }
      },
      "202657": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Rejects rate increases that finance unbridled industrial development."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Reserve all new generation for Hydro-Québec and renationalize private projects."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 22,
          "idee": "Make energy sufficiency the cornerstone of a just transition."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Plan the decline of natural gas and reserve it for uses that cannot be electrified."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Considers green hydrogen experimental, useful only for certain uses that cannot be electrified."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Denounces the removal of the Régie’s authorization powers and the restriction on intervenors."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Fears that partnerships with municipalities and Indigenous communities buy their consent."
        }
      },
      "201961": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "The 3% cap poorly repairs the weakening of the Régie and makes increases permanent."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "The bill hides a race for industrial development that holds back decarbonization."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Keep energy management exclusively public and nationalize renewable sources."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Emphasize efficiency and sufficiency before any megaproject."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Guarantee the Régie’s independence and remove the minister’s power to intervene in its decisions."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Involve local communities and First Nations in decisions on energy projects."
        }
      },
      "202667": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Make large industrial consumers that set up here pay the long-term marginal cost."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Repeal sections 38 to 40 to keep Hydro-Québec’s exclusive right to distribute."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Rely on efficiency rather than costly new facilities, with a renovation program."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Entrust large structures such as Petit-Mécatina and dam refurbishment to Hydro-Québec alone."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "TES Canada’s green hydrogen project is greenwashing."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Transfers of plants to local partnerships recreate regional monopolies financed by the government."
        }
      },
      "202693": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Asks for a formal commitment to offset increases for low-income households rather than a vague program."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Keep cross-subsidies, which are part of the social pact between the public and Hydro-Québec."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Attracting energy-intensive businesses with low industrial rates is what ended the surpluses."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Withdraw third-party sales and any opening to private generation, in the name of electricity’s public character."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 24,
          "idee": "Reserve Rate L3 for businesses that take part in the interruptible electricity program."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 20,
          "idee": "Rely first on sufficiency and efficiency, with targets by sector, before any new supply."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Accepts a portfolio of variable resources only if Hydro-Québec runs it."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Phase out fossil fuels with a concrete action plan."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Sales on neighboring markets helped use up the surpluses and contributed to energy insecurity."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 25,
          "idee": "Strengthen the Régie’s role and decision-making independence from the government."
        }
      },
      "202701": {},
      "202621": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Approves the intent to limit increases, but considers the assistance program vague, optional and insufficient."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 20,
          "idee": "Protect the residential rate by reserving the heritage pool for residential customers and calling on large consumers."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 20,
          "idee": "Charge more for additional electricity intended for new industrial projects than for decarbonization."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 32,
          "idee": "Withdraw the section on peak pricing, unfair to households that cannot cut back."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 21,
          "idee": "Rely on reducing consumption and renovating housing rather than on generation."
        }
      },
      "201783": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Considers the 3% cap regressive and wants it replaced by a targeted tax credit."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Opposes giving the government and the Régie the power to reduce cross-subsidies."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Fund energy efficiency through rates, provided the impact on residential customers is limited."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Supports renewable-source gas in the cost of service, with no rate below the revenue requirement."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 20,
          "idee": "Strengthen the Régie’s role, extending it to Hydro-Québec’s generation activities."
        }
      },
      "202643": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Write into the law the 3% cap promised by the premier."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Keep cross-subsidies and set in the law a minimum index of 81% in favor of households."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Strictly control the granting of capacity to energy-intensive industries and debate who pays the marginal cost."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 29,
          "idee": "Withdraw the sections that open the door to the private sector and bring all generation back under public control."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Accepts optional dynamic pricing that does not raise the bill, but rejects any imposed modulation."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Prioritize collective sufficiency and efficiency over massive development of new generation."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 21,
          "idee": "Give the Régie the powers of independent, annual rate regulation."
        }
      },
      "202591": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "The 3% cap is illusory, the difference falling back on taxpayers."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Opposes energy blocks granted to new energy-intensive industrial projects."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Rejects sales between adjacent businesses, an unacceptable intrusion of the private sector."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Devote the first chapter of an energy law to sufficiency."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Look more closely at the social acceptability of large wind turbines."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Accelerate the phase-out of fossil fuels, natural gas included."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Fears that growing demand will lead to nuclear power."
        }
      },
      "202615": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Doubts that the promise to limit increases to 3% can hold in the face of cost overruns."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Rejects any new energy-intensive business and wants the planned sales to data centres reviewed."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Hydro-Québec must keep exclusive ownership of generation assets, without private partnerships."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Favor efficiency and sufficiency over adding energy."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "The 10 000 MW wind program should not proceed without independent studies on its integration limit."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Keep a mix that includes fossil fuels, for resilience in the face of crises."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Green hydrogen is an immature, costly and inefficient technology."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Also subject Hydro-Québec’s generation to review by the Régie."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Prefers royalties to financial partnerships, which would make communities bear risks."
        }
      },
      "202637": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Questions whether capping increases at 3% is a good energy strategy."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Be cautious in allocating blocks to energy-intensive industries that do not serve decarbonization."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 24,
          "idee": "Hydro-Québec must remain the project manager for generation, not a partner of private shareholders."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Adopt differentiated time-of-use pricing, on the Ontario model, to reduce the peak."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Energy not consumed is the most efficient: analyze needs before doubling generation."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 21,
          "idee": "Place wind turbines away from farmland, for example around Hydro-Québec’s reservoirs."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 22,
          "idee": "Develop rooftop solar, with net metering and a smart grid."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Supports phasing out oil and gas, including Quebec’s membership in BOGA."
        },
        "hydrogene": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Hydrogen production is costly and inefficient and is not justified by decarbonization."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 24,
          "idee": "Selling electricity to neighboring states forces costly construction to fill a shortage that sales created."
        }
      },
      "202623": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Rejects increasing generation to attract energy-intensive companies with costly electricity."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 27,
          "idee": "Remove all private and industrial electricity generation from the bill."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 22,
          "idee": "Multiply wind power, but with new machines, the current farms being a waste."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Replace new mega-dams with cascading turbines on existing dams."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Do not restart Gentilly, given the risks revealed in Ukraine."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Criticizes the contract with New York, signed without consultation, as a sale of the public heritage."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 35,
          "idee": "Extend the Régie’s role beyond overseeing Hydro-Québec Distribution."
        }
      },
      "202689": {
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 28,
          "idee": "Protect residential customers from the revenue shortfall of selling at Rate L to heavy industry."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 20,
          "idee": "Denounces the granting of low-priced megawatts to multinationals without a plan or debate."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 2,
          "idee": "Keep Hydro-Québec the project manager for all generation and reject any denationalization."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 30,
          "idee": "Make energy efficiency and sufficiency a priority in every sector."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 27,
          "idee": "Wind power has its place, but public, in the right location and with respect for communities."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 31,
          "idee": "Reduce the number of new dams so as not to harness new rivers."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Include a quantified plan to reduce natural gas and oil."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 31,
          "idee": "Prohibit the redeployment of the nuclear sector."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Partnerships imposed on small municipalities are financial illusions."
        }
      },
      "202619": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Rejects allocating new megawatts first to industrialization rather than to decarbonization."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Prohibit sales on adjacent land and keep Hydro-Québec’s distribution monopoly."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Manage the peak by shifting loads with thermal storage rather than through dual energy."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Make sufficiency and efficiency the priority, with new generation as a last resort."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Stop subsidizing natural gas and prioritize renewable electricity."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Strengthen the role of the Régie de l’énergie and accountability."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Ensure the participation and the free, prior and informed consent of Indigenous peoples."
        }
      },
      "202677": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 25,
          "idee": "Guarantee the rate assistance program, but target it first at households in energy poverty."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 24,
          "idee": "Make businesses bear the cost of industrial development rather than households."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Entrust every new project to Hydro-Québec rather than to private producers selling to neighbors."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 25,
          "idee": "Peak rate modulation can serve sufficiency, but with caution for low-income households."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Put sufficiency, then efficiency, ahead of any new generation."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Break with hydroelectric megaprojects and make the most of existing infrastructure."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Ban new natural gas connections and networks, including so-called renewable gas."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Develop decentralized generation with Hydro-Québec in partnership with local communities."
        }
      },
      "202589": {
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Draw up an energy efficiency and sufficiency plan for all sectors, with binding measures."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Remove the provisions that maintain dependence on natural gas and prefer heat pumps and thermal storage to dual energy."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Involve First Nations in clean energy projects, up to ownership, with shared benefits."
        }
      },
      "202649": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "The race for generation mainly serves to attract the battery and hydrogen sectors, without decarbonizing."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Rejects sales between businesses, which pave the way for parallel private grids."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Adopt an energy sufficiency and savings plan before any new capacity project."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Wind power is necessary, but paired with large dams and on already disturbed land."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Remove the 100 MW threshold and prohibit private small plants, which threaten rivers."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Rejects any weakening of the Régie and of Hydro-Québec, and wants their levers strengthened."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Partnerships that promise local benefits mainly serve to profit from rivers."
        }
      },
      "202641": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "The 3% cap is only a temporary bandage, with no guarantee after 2026, that still weighs on low-income households."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Preserve the heritage pool and cross-subsidies to protect low-income households."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Rejects granting blocks to new energy-intensive industrial projects, which creates artificial demand."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Drop section 38 and exclude the private sector from ownership of electricity assets."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Make energy sufficiency the first chapter of an energy law."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Allow Hydro-Québec to buy self-generators’ surpluses."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Phase out gas for convertible uses rather than keep gas rates competitive."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Rely on sufficiency to avoid resorting to nuclear power."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Safeguard and strengthen the powers of the Régie de l’énergie."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Make the consent of Indigenous peoples and local populations mandatory for energy projects."
        }
      },
      "202607": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Industrial development must be subordinate to carbon neutrality, not the reverse."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Withdraw electricity sales between private producers, which open the door to privatization."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Write a clear energy sufficiency objective into the law."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Include a plan to reduce fossil fuel consumption."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Take Indigenous nations’ concerns and rights into account in the energy future."
        }
      },
      "202631": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Doubts that the 3% cap is the right vehicle for low-income households."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Preserve cross-subsidies and the heritage pool to avoid residential increases."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Calls for a moratorium on capacity granted to new energy-intensive businesses."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Rejects privatization, the sale of small plants and contracts between adjacent businesses."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Set a consumption reduction target and include sufficiency in the PGIRE."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 20,
          "idee": "Welcomes Hydro-Québec as project manager for wind power, but worries about megaprojects’ impact on biodiversity."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Stop subsidizing natural gas and plan an exit from fossil gas."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Fears that fewer commissioners and centralization with the minister politicize decisions."
        }
      },
      "202697": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Raise rates to encourage sufficiency, with targeted assistance for vulnerable households."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Allow, under proper oversight, private industrial electricity sales to an adjacent consumer."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Introduce dynamic pricing by hour, season and supply to better manage peaks."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Optimize what exists and prioritize energy efficiency before new large projects."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Optimize existing generation before building new dams, which cause significant damage."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 21,
          "idee": "Keep the number of commissioners and entrust management of the PGIRE to the Régie."
        }
      },
      "201913": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Keep sales to an adjacent consumer, but with stronger assessment, ideally authorized by the Régie."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Welcomes the price signal that encourages sufficiency and behavior that relieves the peak."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Prioritize sufficiency, efficiency and circularity in the PGIRE, with targets and indicators."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Exclude gas from new residential buildings."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Return the review of Hydro-Québec’s efficiency programs to the Régie and entrust it with assessing needs."
        }
      },
      "202613": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "The 3% cap is a false solution, and only the Régie should set rates."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Keep cross-subsidies in favor of the residential rate, or reduce them only very gradually."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Rejects blocks for new industries, which delay the decarbonization of existing uses."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 24,
          "idee": "Withdraw section 38, which opens a breach for privatization in the distribution monopoly."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 27,
          "idee": "Shift heating load off-peak through thermal storage rather than gas."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Make energy efficiency, the cheapest supply, the priority before any new generation."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 25,
          "idee": "Rejects gas for uses that can be electrified, dual energy being acceptable only to convert existing systems."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 3,
          "idee": "Eliminate nuclear power, a founding principle of the coalition."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Submit the PGIRE to the Régie and keep its approval of calls for tenders."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Reserve a streamlined procedure for projects by Indigenous and local communities, without private developers."
        }
      },
      "202595": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 26,
          "idee": "Reserve rate assistance for vulnerable households, since compensating everyone cancels the effect of the increase."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 29,
          "idee": "Keep the private share stable or reduce it, and clearly define the term adjacent."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 27,
          "idee": "Make rates dynamic and incentive-based, in line with ecofiscal principles."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 4,
          "idee": "Make sufficiency the first pillar of the PGIRE, ahead of efficiency and generation."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Regulate wind farms in agricultural zones more closely, with land restoration."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 30,
          "idee": "Conduct a risk analysis before raising the threshold for leased plants from 50 to 100 MW."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Ban gas heating in new buildings and plan its phase-out in existing ones."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 23,
          "idee": "Entrust the Régie with a counter-analysis of the PGIRE and the monitoring of its amendments."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 29,
          "idee": "Rely on partnerships with municipalities and Indigenous communities whose revenues stay local."
        }
      },
      "202699": {},
      "202681": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 27,
          "idee": "Keep sales to an adjacent consumer, a modest and justified step, but with stronger project assessment."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Give paramount importance to efficiency and demand management, under the Régie’s control."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Entrust the Régie, in public hearings, with demand forecasts, supply curves and PGIR scenarios."
        }
      },
      "201771": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Reserve the assistance fund for households that need it, rather than artificially low residential rates."
        },
        "interfinancement": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Gradually end cross-subsidies and price at marginal cost."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Make large consumers responsible for their own supply above a threshold."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Supports pricing that reduces consumption at peak, which has yet to be implemented."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 2,
          "idee": "Use all forms of energy, electricity included, less and better before generating more."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Keep the number of commissioners and the Régie’s expertise in light of its greater responsibilities."
        }
      },
      "201817": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Withdraw the assistance fund for residential customers and strengthen assistance for low-income households instead."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Make new industrial customers pay the cost of the supply intended for them."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Supports peak and capacity rates, if they reflect a real additional cost for the distributor."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Prioritize structural sufficiency and efficiency, but after decarbonizing energy sources."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Strengthen the Régie rather than weaken it, and withdraw the minister’s expanded powers."
        }
      },
      "202617": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 32,
          "idee": "The cap protects political capital but worsens inequity between rate classes."
        },
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Make new industrial projects pay the marginal cost rather than Rate L."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Direct sales, partnerships and private plants pave the way for accelerated privatization."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Find additional electricity first in energy savings rather than in generation."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Require a quantified plan to reduce oil and gas consumption."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Bring back some of the exports not committed under firm contracts."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Rejects the greater ministerial control over the Régie."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Prefers universal compensation to partnerships, which risk monetizing acceptability."
        }
      },
      "201813": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Allow a business to generate and sell electricity to neighboring businesses in defined zones."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Entrust energy efficiency to the minister and treat it as a resource."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Supports wind development and the Quebec industry that grew up outside Hydro-Québec."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Open up self-generation further for resilience to extreme events."
        },
        "exportations": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Position Quebec as the battery of the Northeast and cooperate with neighboring grids."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Keep calls for tenders before the Régie rather than mutual agreements supervised by the minister."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 13,
          "idee": "Steer supply toward partnerships that guarantee community participation."
        }
      },
      "202695": {
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Treat sufficiency and efficiency with the same urgency as new generation."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 14,
          "idee": "Withdraw the exception that lets the government authorize contracts without the Régie."
        }
      },
      "202629": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Allow the transfer of plants of 100 MW or less as soon as the bill receives assent, to make use of Mitis 1 and 2."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Triple wind power by 2035, with more than 6 000 MW possible on the Alliance’s territory."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Invest in solar and storage projects with the member MRCs and First Nation."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Extend equal partnerships with municipalities and First Nations to solar and small hydro."
        }
      },
      "201937": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Extend the assistance program limiting residential rate increases to customers of municipal systems."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 15,
          "idee": "Supports differentiated pricing, but the 2026 deadline is unrealistic for municipal systems."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Return to rate cases before the Régie rather than indexation set by the government."
        }
      },
      "202645": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Raise to 100 MW the threshold for leasing water power and for municipal participation in plants."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 5,
          "idee": "Welcomes Hydro-Québec’s wind strategy, which answers its call for coherent projects."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Make meaningful community participation and local royalties mandatory for every renewable project."
        }
      },
      "202069": {
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Welcomes the sale of small plants of 100 MW or less and municipal participation raised to 100 MW."
        },
        "solaire": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Write net metering up to 1 MW into the law for solar self-generation by municipal buildings."
        },
        "barrages": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Launch a call for tenders for the energy from existing municipal dams."
        },
        "gaz": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 12,
          "idee": "Clarify the rules for selling municipal RNG to ensure its long-term viability."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Write community participation, local royalties and relations with Indigenous communities into the law."
        }
      },
      "202661": {
        "plafond": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 19,
          "idee": "Make the assistance program that limits residential rate increases mandatory and add an Indigenous component."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 17,
          "idee": "Rejects direct supply of industrial customers by private producers, the exception being reserved for Indigenous governing bodies."
        },
        "efficacite": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Make energy efficiency a pillar of the transition and a mission of the minister, to reduce pressure on territories."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 18,
          "idee": "Welcomes financial participation in Hydro-Québec’s wind projects, but fears the pressure of the 10 000 MW on the territory."
        },
        "nucleaire": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 10,
          "idee": "Prohibit nuclear generation and radioactive waste storage on First Nations territories without their consent."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 16,
          "idee": "Open Régie hearings to Indigenous governing bodies on any matter, rather than restricting interventions."
        },
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 6,
          "idee": "Prioritize partnerships with First Nations in all projects and share the benefits with them."
        }
      },
      "202601": {
        "communautes": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 7,
          "idee": "Obtain the consent of First Nations and make them partners in projects, with a tax exemption."
        }
      },
      "201981": {
        "blocs": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Recognize the agri-food sector as a priority in allocating blocks above 5 MW."
        },
        "vente_privee": {
          "avis": "contre",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Withdraw section 38, a first step toward private electricity sales."
        },
        "pointe": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 11,
          "idee": "Some agricultural operations can hardly cut back at peak; rates must take this into account."
        },
        "eolien": {
          "avis": "reserve",
          "page": 8,
          "idee": "Locate new energy projects outside dynamic agricultural zones and sugar bushes."
        },
        "regie": {
          "avis": "pour",
          "page": 9,
          "idee": "Supports the Régie’s broader mission, but wants limits on the minister’s interventions."
        }
      }
    }
  }
}